1. Product Requirements, Handling and Storage M Dickinson Bituguard, SA

2. Property Requirements Property limits derived from recent local and international experience and practice Still empirically based Ultimate goal is performance-related limits For high risk application the rheological behaviour should be assessed using the SHRP approach or the latest research

3. Properties for Hot Sealing applications (before ageing) Binder Class PropertyMin/MaxTest MethodS-E1S-E2 Softening Point (R & B)MinMB-175057 Dynamic Viscosity @ 165ºCMaxMB-180.55 Ductility @ 15ºCMinMB-197550 Force Ductility @ 15ºC--Report Complex Shear Modulus- AASHTO:TP5 Report Creep Stiffness- AASHTO:TP1 Report Elastic Recovery @ 15ºCMinMB-45070 Flash PointMin ASTM: D93-97 230 Stability (R&B diff @ 160ºC)MaxMB-655 Adhesion @ 5ºCMinMB-790 Torsional Recovery @ 15ºC-MB-5Report Torsional Recovery @ 25ºC-MB-5Report

4. Properties for Hot Sealing applications after Ageing (RTFOT) Binder Class PropertyMin/Max Test Method S-E1S-E2 Difference in softening point-MB-17-2 to +8 Elastic Recovery @ 15ºCMinMB-44050 Mass ChangeMaxMB-31.0 Dynamic Viscosity @ 165ºC-MB-18Report Torsional Recovery @ 25ºC-MB-5Report

5. Properties for modified emulsions for Surface Seals Binder Class PropertyMin/ Max Test Method S-E1S-E2 Modified Binder Content-MB-2265-6870-7365-6870-73 Viscosity @ 50ºC-MB-2151-20051-40051-20051-400 Residue on SievingMaxMB-230.5 Particle charge-MB-24Positive Sedimentation after 60 revs- SABS 548 Nil On Recovered Binder ResidueMB-20 Softening PointMinMB-174855 Ductility @ 15ºCMinMB-197550 Elastic recovery @ 15ºCMinMB-45055 Torsional recovery @ 15ºC-MB-5Report Force Ductility--Report

6. Properties for Hot-Mix Asphalt (before ageing) Binder Class Property Min/Max Test Method A-E1A-E2A-P1 Softening Point (R & B) Min MB-17 556065 Dynamic Viscosity @ 165ºC Max MB-18 0.6 0.75 Dynamic Viscosity @ 150ºC - MB-18 Report Dynamic Viscosity @ 135ºC - MB-18 Report Ductility @ 15ºC Min MB-19 755030 Force Ductility N - Report Elastic Recovery @ 15ºC Min MB-4 5060Report Torsional recovery @ 25ºC - MB-5 Report Stability (R&B diff @ 160ºC) Max MB-6 555 Flash Point Min ASTM:D93-97 230 Complex Shear Modulus - AASHTO:TP5 Report Creep Stiffness - AASHTO:TP1 Report

7. Properties for Hot-Mix Asphalt after Ageing (RTFOT) Binder Class Property Min/ Max Test Method A-E1A-E2A-P1 Difference in softening point-MB-17-2 to +8 Elastic Recovery @ 15ºCMinMB-44050Report Mass ChangeMaxMB-31.0 Torsional Recovery @ 25ºC-MB-5Report

8. Properties of Bitumen-Rubber for use in Seals and HMA Binder Class PropertyUnit Test Method S-R1 (Seal) S-E2 (Asphalt) MinMaxMinMax Compression recovery: 5 min%MB-1170-80100 Compression recovery: 1 hour%MB-1170- 95 Compression recovery: 4 days%MB-1125452555 Softening point (R&B)ºCMB-1755625565 Resilience%MB-1013351335 FlowMmMB-1215701050 Dynamic Viscosity (Haake @ 190ºC) dPa.sMB-1320402050

9. Properties for Crack Sealants Binder Class PropertyMin/MaxTest Method C-E1CC-E1C-R1 Softening Point (R & B)MinMB-1780 65 Elastic recovery @ 15ºCMinMB-48060N/A Flow @ 60ºC-MB-12Nil 5 ResilienceMin/MaxMB-10N/A 13-35 Torsional recovery @ 15ºC-MB-5Report Solid Content (m/m)-MB-22N/A55N/A Viscosity @ 165ºCMaxMB-180.55N/A Dynamic viscosity (Haake @ 190ºC) Min/MaxMB-13N/A 20-40 Viscosity @ 25ºCMaxMB-18N/A0.8N/A NB: These are minimum requirements (bench mark for proprietary products)

10. Storage & Handling

11. General Comments Heat stability of modern modified binders is adequate if exposed to reasonable temperatures Excessive temperatures cause degradation Storage in heated conditions must be in containers with a circulation system and agitation Degradation can occur during blending and pumping Heating preferably by oil or electrical coils (gas heating only with double flue pipes and low flame) No Rapid Heating Spray tankers should be fitted with slow stirrers or augers to keep modified blend homogenous Temperature/time limits in Tables are guidelines not rejection criteria

12. Temperature/Time Limits for Hot Polymer Modified Binder Binder Class Short-term Handling StorageSpraying/Asphalt mixing Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Min Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) S-E1; S-E2180241502402001858 C-E1160241402401701608 A-E1; A-E2; A-P1 1802414024017016036 Different polymers have different storage and handling characteristics Manufacturer should provide storage and handling characteristics Circulation/stirring system required even for short-term storage

13. Polymer Modified Emulsions No degradation expected at range on handling and storage temperatures encountered No heating during storage; only immediately before application Emulsion stored for any length of time should be circulated and agitated from time to time Residue on Sieving value will increase with prolonged storage but should not affect performance Beware of deposits in flues of storage tankers and distributors plus blocked nozzles No storage at temperatures > 50ºC for extended periods

14. Recommended Spray Temperatures for Modified Emulsions Binder Content (% m/m) Spraying Temperature (ºC) 6560 – 70 7070 - 80 Spraying temperature is a function of the binder content/viscosity of the emulsion Emulsions heated to spray temperature should have the heat source turned off immediately if delays occur

15. Temperature/Time Limits for Polymer Modified Emulsions Binder Class Short-term Handling StorageSpraying/Asphalt mixing Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Min Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) SC-E1; SC-E27024 Ambient 240+80502 CC-E1 Ambient 240+ Ambient 240+ Ambient 240+

16. Bitumen-Rubber Bitumen-rubber degrades rapidly in the presence of high temperatures over an extended period Blending and reacting of product usually takes place close to site of application Manufacturers to provide time/temperature curves of blend before start of projects Viscosity most sensitive for identifying degradation/ageing of the product Dynamic viscosity (hand-held rotary viscometer) commonly used for control purposes (method MB-18)

17. Temperature/Time Limits for Bitumen-Rubber Binder Class Short-term Handling StorageSpraying/Asphalt mixing Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Max Temp (ºC) Min Temp (ºC) Max Hold Time (hrs) Binders for seals (S-R1) 1652414072210195 Refer to time/ viscosity curve Binders for asphalt (A-R1) 1652414072210190 Binders for crack sealing (C-R1) 16524 Only amount required -190180-