1. Chapter 8 Cell division Mitosis/Meiosis Review

2. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell cycle in which cells stop dividing all together. G0G0

3. Cell division in bacteria cells is called _______________________ Binary fission Phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is copied S (synthesis)

4. This organized picture of an individual’s chromosomes is called a _______________ karyotype This person is a _____________. male female female (has XX)

5. The proteins that help wrap up the DNA into chromosomes are ______________________ histones Phase of the cell cycle In which the nuclear membrane is present and DNA is spread out into chromatin. interphase

6. This red area on the centromere where the spindle fibers attach is called the ___________________ kinetochore List the phases of mitosis in order starting with prophase. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

7. Phase of mitosis that follows anaphase telophase Phase of the cell cycle that follows G 2 Mitosis (prophase)

8. This network of fibers that attach and pull the chromosomes apart is called the mitotic ______________ spindle This cell is in __________________ prophase

9. Humans have ______ chromosomes.46 (23 pairs) Type of cell division in eukaryotic cells that results in 2 identical daughter cells. mitosis

10. Reproduction in which offspring come from the DNA of just one parent is called _____________ reproduction asexual The dark colored spot near the nucleus that contains the centrioles when the cell is not dividing is the ______________ centrosome

11. The 2 chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual are called __________________________ Sex chromosomes G 1, S, and G 2 make up this phase of the cell cycle. Interphase

12. Sperm and eggs are __________ cells. haploid diploid haploid This person is a _______________ male female Male (has XY)

13. Proteins that control the turning on and off of specific regions of DNA Non-histones One of 2 identical arms that make up a chromosome chromatid

14. A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome is said to be __________________ diploid Humans have 2 sex chromosomes and 44 _______________. autosomes

15. The place in the cell membrane of an animal cell that pinches in during cytokinesis is called a ____________________ cleavage furrow Plant cells can’t pinch to divide, instead they form a _______________ to divide. cell plate

16. This phase of the cell cycle is ______________ anaphase Cell which contains only 1 copy of each of the chromosomes haploid

17. This phase of the cell cycle is ________________ metaphase Phase of the cell cycle cells spend most of their time in. Interphase (G 1 )

18. Part of interphase in which the cell grows to mature size and carries out its job. G1G1 Type of eukaryotic cell division which produces cells with ½ the number of chromosomes as the original cell. meiosis

19. Phase of mitosis that follows prophase metaphase Phase of the cell cycle that follows S G2

20. DNA that is all spread out in an interphase nucleus is called ________________ chromatin Phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and the DNA scrunches into chromosomes. prophase

21. In this part of interphase cells make the molecules and organelles needed for cell division G2G2 The 2 copies of each chromosome are called ______________ chromosomes because are the same size, same shape, and carry genes for the same traits. homologous

22. These structures at the poles which attach to the spindle fibers and pull the chromosomes. centrioles A karyotype can tell us ____________ The sex of the organism AND if they have missing/extra chromosomes

23. When chromatin scrunches together it is called a _________________ chromosome If the body cells of an organism have 24 chromosomes, how many would be in a sperm or egg cell? 12; Sperm and eggs have ½ the number of chromosomes as body cells

24. True OR False This organism is a human. False; only 40 chromosomes Humans have 46 Phase of mitosis in which chromsomes line up in the middle of the cell. metaphase

25. Mitosis or Meiosis? Used by organisms to grow in size Makes 4 haploid cells Crossing over happens Used to make gametes Makes identical 2n cells Used to repair injuries or replace worn out cells Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis

26. This phase is called _______________ interphase Dark spots next to the nucleus that contain the centrioles. centrosomes

27. Phase of mitosis that follows metaphase anaphase Phase of the cell cycle that follows G 1 S

28. This cell is in ___________ anaphase Phase of cell division in which the nuclear membrane returns and chromosomes spread out into chromatin. telophase

29. This cell is in __________ telophase The cell above is a _________ cell. animal plant Plant You can see the cell plate forming in center instead of a cleavage furrow.

30. The person in this karyotype has an extra number #21 chromosome. She has ________ syndrome. Down’s

31. Reproduction in which offspring come from the DNA of 2 parents is called ____________ reproduction. sexual Phase of the cell cycle in which cells stop dividing all together G0G0

32. Phase of mitosis in which separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. anaphase The very first dividing phase is _______________ prophase

33. Type of cell division shown at the left mitosis meiosis meiosis How can you tell? Homologous pairs line up, crossing over happens; end up with 4 cells that have ½ the chromosome number you started with

34. This is called a ______________ Cleavage furrow This cell is _____________ cell. an animal a plant an animal Plants don’t have cleavage furrows.

35. Phase of meiosis where crossing over happens PROPHASE I Type of cell division used to make gametes meiosis

36. Phase of the cell cycle where cells spend most of their time. They grow bigger and they do their job as body cells. G1G1 List the phases of mitosis in order starting with interphase Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

37. Name the two ways genetic recombination happens during meiosis Crossing over & independent assortment How is INTERPHASE II different from INTERPHASE I? DNA is NOT copied during interphase II and it is in interphase I

38. The exchange of genetic material between chromatid arms of homologous chromosomes is called _______________ Crossing over The group of 4 chromatid arms above is called a ___________ tetrad

39. Tell 2 ways mitosis and meiosis are different MITOSIS MEIOSIS Makes 2 diploid (2n) cellsMakes 4 haploid (1n) cells Divides onceDivides twice/copies DNA once Makes body cellsMakes gametes (sperm/eggs) Makes cells identical to parentMakes cells with ½ the number of chromosomes of parent No genetic recombinationCrossing over/independent assortment allow for genetic recombination Used to grow in size, Used to make reproductive repair injuries, cells replace worn out cells No synapsis of homologous pairsHomologous pairs line up together

40. THE END

41. The chromosomes that DO NOT determine the organism’s sex are called _________________ autosomes Type of cell division in which genetic recombination can happen. meiosis

42. Phase of the cell cycle after S phase in which cells make the molecules and organelles needed for cell division. G2G2 Humans have ? Chromosomes. 46 (23 pairs)