1. IQTADARI SYSTEM

2. DEFINATION
AN IQTA HAPPENED TO BE A FIEF OR A TERRITORY GIVEN TO ANY STATE OFFICIAL OR COMMANDER FROM WHICH HE WAS REQUIRED TO GET REVENUE.THE IQTADAR IN RESPONSE HAS TO COLLECT THE REVENUE FOR THE STATE EXCHECQUER.
THE POST OF IQTA DURING THE LATER PART OF DELHI SULTANAT BECAME HEREDITORY DUE TO WHICH THERE WAS CONCENTRATION OF POWERS IN THE HANDS OF THE IQTADARS----MILITARY,REVENUE,JUDICIARY,EXECUTIVE-----WHICH MADE THEM AMBIGUOUS,CORRUPT AND REBELLIOUS AS THEY HIDE THE INCOME COLLECTED FROM THE PESEANTS AND USED TO BUILD AN ARMY.
ILLTUTMISH DIVIDED HIS KINGDOM INTO VARIOUS TQTAS AND THESE IQTAS WERE RULED BY THE CHALISA OR THE 40 TURKS.

3. BALBAN
BALBAN WANTED TO RESTORE THE PRESTIGE OF THE CROWN WHICH HAD GOWN DOWN AFTER THE DEATH OF THE ILLTUTMISH.
BALBAN STRUCK AT THE BASE OF THE IQTA SYSTEM BY OPPOSING THE HEREDITORY SYSTEM OF THE IQTADARS.
BALBAN ADOPTED THIS POLICY AS HE BELIEVES IN DEFENSIVE CONSOLIDATION WHICH MEANS MORE CENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN THE HANDS OF SULTAN TO DEAL WITH THE MONGOL MENACE AS WELL AS THE IQTADARS.

4. ALLAUDDIN KHILJI
ALLAUDDIN KHILJI ALSO KNOWS THE DISINTEGRATIVE NATURE OF THE IQTA SYSTEM.TO DEAL WITH IT,HE CONVERTED THE ENTIRE DOAB INTO THE KHALSA LANDS AND IN THAT WAY HE WAS ABLE TO APPROPIATE THE ENTIRE SURPLUS OF THE DOAB.
HENCE HE HAD THE TIME TO CONSOLIDATE IF THE IQTADAR’S REVOLT AS NONE OF THEM WERE LEFT CLOSE TO THE CAPLITAL.
HE ORDERED THE STRICT CONTROL,AUDIT AND INQUIRY INTO THE ACCOUNTS OF THE IQTADARS AND THEY WERE PUT IN ROUTINE SURVELLIANCE.
AT THE SAME TIME THEY WERE TO DEPOSIT ALL THE SURPLUS INTO THE STATE TREASURY.
IF ALL THE IQTADARS COLLECTED THEIR ARMY THAN THE ARMY OF ALLAUDDIN KHILJI WOULD BE GREATER THAN THEM.

5. MUHAMMED BIN TUGHLAQ
BUT MUHAMMED BIN TUGHLAQ ADOPTED THE DIFFERENT POLICY TOWARDS THE IQTADARS.
HE DEPRIVED THE IQTADARS OF THE RIGHT OF REVENUE COLLECTION ,WHICH WAS TO BE DONE BT THE TUGHLAQ OFFICIALS.IN THIS WAY THE SURPLUS WAS TAKEN BACK TO THE STATE TREASURY.
THIS RESULTED IN THE UNIFICATION OF THE IQTADARS AND THEY REVOLTED AGAINST THE KING.

6. FEROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ
FEROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ REVIVED THE JAGIRS SYSTEM WHICH ALLAUDDIN HAD ABOLISHED,WAS EXTREMELY UNWISE.
SUCH AMOUNT OF JAGIRS OFTEN RESULTED IN THE HEREDITORY VICEROYALITIES AND SO THE HOLDER WAS OFTEN TEMPTED TO DEFY THE CENTRAL AUTHORITY.

7. CONCLUSION
THEREFORE THE IQTA SYSTEM DID NOT ALLOW THE SULTANS TO REFORM THE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OD THE SULTANAT AT A TIME WHEN THE MONGOLS ATTACKED INDIA.
HENCE IT TURNED OUT TO BE A CURSE THAN BOON FOR DELHI SULTANATE ,WHICH ULTIMATELY LED TO THE DOWNFALL OF THE EMPIRE.