1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH TEST #3

2. CONGRESS Bicameral – 2 houses Term – 2 years due to the HR election Session – conducts business  2 per year  Usually one a year lasting 4 or 5 months Adjourn Special Session  Can be called by the President or either house

3. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 435 members Determined by state population Minimum of 1 2 year term No limit on # of terms Reapportionment – redistributed every 10 yrs. Gerrymandering – division of voting districts Gerrymandering Westberry v. Sanders – “one person, one vote” Westberry v. Sanders

4. Qualifications  25 yrs. Old  US citizenship for 7 years  Must live in the state they represent

5. SENATE 100 Members 2 per state Represent the entire state 6 year term – gives some security Terms staggered so that 1/3 are elected every 2 years 17 th Amendment – voted on directly by the people – before by state legislature

6. Qualifications  30 yrs. Old  Citizen for 9 years  Live in the state they serve

7. Franking privilege To be able to mail letters postage- free by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage.

8. Congressional Powers Limited powers because of the Constitution Powers are expressed, implied and inherent

9. Expressed Powers of Money and Commerce 27 listed – the meaning is based on how Congress exercises its powers Some are subject to interpretation

10. Taxes  Tariffs  Cannot tax an export  Direct tax – paid by the person it is imposed on  Indirect tax – paid by one person but passed along to another (cigarette tax) Borrowing  Deficit financing – spend more than you take in/borrow the difference  Public Debt – money not paid over time plus the interest Commerce  Regulation of interstate and foreign trade  Ogden v. Gibbons Ogden v. Gibbons

11. Currency power  Coin money – made of Gold, Silver and others  1791 – bank notes –not “legal tender”  1861 – “Greenbacks” – 1 st legal tender notes but could not be exchanged for gold or silver War powers  Declare war  Raise an army  1973 War Powers Act Copyright and Patents Eminent Domain

12. Implied Powers Education National Bank “Necessary and proper” clause  McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland

13. Non Legislative Powers Amendments  25 th – choose V.P. Elections  1800 and 1824 18001824 Impeachment  1868 – Andrew Johnson  1998 – Bill Clinton Resignation  1974 - Nixon 1974 - Nixon Executive Powers  Approves appointments and treaties

14. Congress in Action Speaker of the House  Duties – Preside and keep order  Allows representatives to speak  Next in succession after President and V.P. President of the Senate – Vice President  Presides  Votes only to break a tie President Pro-tempore  Majority leader, presides if VP is absent  Next in succession after the Speaker Party Officers – “caucus” – meeting to decide leaders and stands  Floor leaders from each party  Whips – assistants to the floor leaders