1. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Instructor name Class Title, Term/Semester, Year Institution Introductory Psychology Concepts Sleep

2. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 2 Sleep: Changing patterns of brain-wave activity help define the various stages of sleep. Awake/alert Relaxed/drowsy

3. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 3 Stage 1: Light Sleep Sleep Progresses Through Four Stages Brain waves become slower as sleep deepens from Stage 1 through Stage 4.

4. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 4 Sleep Progresses Through Four Stages Brain waves become slower as sleep deepens from Stage 1 through Stage 4. Stage 1: Light Sleep Stage 2: Sleep Spindles

5. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 5 Sleep Progresses Through Four Stages Brain waves become slower as sleep deepens from Stage 1 through Stage 4. Stage 1: Light Sleep Stage 2: Sleep Spindles Stage 3: First Delta Waves

6. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 6 Sleep Progresses Through Four Stages Brain waves become slower as sleep deepens from Stage 1 through Stage 4. Stage 1: Light Sleep Stage 2: Sleep Spindles Stage 3: First Delta Waves Stage 4: Delta Waves

7. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 7 REM Sleep: Characterized by rapid eye movements (REM), high arousal, frequent dreaming. Hours of Sleep

8. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 8 REM Sleep: Characterized by rapid eye movements (REM), high arousal, frequent dreaming. People typically average four to five REM periods during the night, these become longer as the night wears on. On this night, REM 5 period was cut short because the person awakened. Hours of Sleep

9. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 9 Dreaming Areas active during REM sleep Throughout the night, we dream most often during REM sleep, when activity in many brain areas is highest.

10. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 10 Sleep Disorders Almost 75 percent of American adults feel that they have some type of sleep problem (National Sleep Foundation, 2002). + Insomnia Chronic difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restful sleep. + Narcolepsy Extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks that last from less than a minute to an hour. + REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) The loss of muscle tone that causes normal REM-paralysis is absent. + Sleepwalking Typically occurs during a stage-3 or stage-4 period of slow-wave sleep. + Nightmares and Night Terrors Frightening dreams that arouse the sleeper to a near-panic state. + Sleep Apnea Breathing is repeatedly stopped and restarted during sleep.

11. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 11 Dreams: a normal part of sleep  (Tend to be) subjective to the person having them  Common elements frequently occur in everyone’s dreams Thematic Element Aggression Friendliness Sexuality Misfortune Success Failure Percentage of Respondents Reporting at Least One Males 47% 38 12 36 15 15 Females 44% 42 4 33 8 10 Source: Schneiger; A., & Domhoff, G.W. (2002).

12. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 12 Causes of Sleep Deprivation: Sleep disorders People wanting to stay awake Worry, anxiety, stress, depression Drug usage (prescription or non-prescription) Shift work Children

13. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Sleep 13 Average Amounts of Sleep Although most people report sleeping between eight and nine hours per night, the amount varies a great deal.