1. PATIENT COMMUNICATION Patient Communication and Human Diversity 1

2. Why become a Radiologic Technologist ? 1. Helping others 2. Working with people 3. Making a difference 4. Thinking critically 5. Demonstrating creativity 6. Achieving results 2

3. Patient Communication 3

4. Human Diversity 4

5. Patient Communication 5

6. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 6

7. Patient Dignity 1. Patients are usually in the lower levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy 2. Must always be remembered and respected 3. Difficult to maintain dignity when ill 7

8. Patient Communication 1. Interacting with the patient 2. Interacting with family and friends 3. Methods of Effective Communication 4. Age as a factor in Patient Interactions 8

9. When a technologist meets a patient for the first time…… -anxiety -regressive behavior -trauma/loss 9

10. Patient Communication  Therapeutic  Dissonance 10

11. Methods of Communication 1. Verbal 2. Humor 3. Paralanguage 4. Body Language 5. Touch (Palpation) 11

12. Verbal Communication 12

13. ____________ 13

14. Paralanguage  Defines all of the audio information in a conversation beyond word choice  Simply listening to someone’s voice, even if you can’t make out the words, conveys their emotional state 14

15. Body Language  You could be talking to someone and your body language will convey something else entirely.body language  Make eye contact occasionally you show an interest in that person and in what he or she is saying.  A smile sends a positive message. Smiling adds warmth and confidence about you.  Arms crossed or folded over your chest say that you have shut other people out and have no interest in them or what they are saying.  Placing your arms at your side can make you look and feel confident and relaxed to other people around you. 15

16. Body Language 16

17. Touch and Palpation 17

18. Radiographer’s Responsibility 1. Introduction 2. Explanation of exam 3. Inform patient how they will receive their results 4. Get pertinent patient history 5. Risks of examination 18

19. Rad Tech’s Role in Clinical Hx 1. Extract as much history as possible 2. Radiologists often do not even speak with the patient. 3. Radiologist can be focus on anatomy of interest 19

20. Pertinent Patient History 1. Respect 2. Genuineness 3. Empathy 4. Polite 5. Professional demeanor demeanor 20

21. Data Collection 1. Objective 1. Objective: Signs that can be seen 2. Subjective 2. Subjective: Perceived by the affected individual 21

22. Questioning Skills 1. Open-ended questions 2. Facilitation – encourages pt to elaborate 3. Silence – give pt time to remember 4. Probing questions – focus interview, provide more information 5. Repetition – rewording, clarifies info 6. Summarization – verifies accuracy 22

23. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 23

24. Sacred Seven 1. Localization 2. Chronology 3. Quality 4. Severity 5. Onset 6. Aggravating or Alleviating Factors 7. Associated Manifestations 24

25. Localization  Defining exact area of patient complaint  Carefully worded questions  Palpation as needed 25

26. Chronology  Duration  Frequency  Course of symptoms 26

27. Quality  Color and consistency of fluids  Size of bumps and lesions  Type of pain  Burning, throbbing, dull, sharp, cutting, aching, radiationg, pressure or crushing 27

28. Severity  Number of bumps or lesions?  Pain on number scale? (1-10)  The degree of a burn? 28

29. Onset  What was PT doing when illness began?  Was there an aura before the migraine? 29

30. Aggravation or Alleviating Factors  For example  Lying down headache goes away?  Putting ice on it reduces swelling?  Pain intensifies when walking?  Pain stops when sitting? 30

31. Associated Manifestations  Other symptoms that happen with this illness  May describe loss of feeling in fingers as a part of diabetes  May describe an aura as part of a seizure 31

32. You never know what you are going to get… 32

33. Human Diversity 33

34. Human Diversity  Differences in human beings  Include many characteristics  Not limited to any one 34

35. Types of Diversity AgeEthnicityNational originRaceGenderSexual orientationMental abilityPhysical ability 35

36. Cultural Diversity and Health Care  We All Have It!  Obvious Manifestations:  Religion  Ethnicity (Race?)  National Origin (language)  Gender 36

37. Cultural Diversity and Health Care  Less Obvious Manifestations:  Age  Education  Educational Status  Mobility (including handicaps) 37

38. Cultural Diversity and Health Care It is because we are different that each of us is special. 38

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40. 40 Gerontology  The study of aging and diseases of the elderly.  By the end of the 20 th century 33 million, more than 12% of total population.  In 1900 only 4%, of population

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