1. Slide: 1 2.1 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

2. Slide: 2 Algebra is a branch of mathematics that is used to analyze and solve day-to-day business and finance problems. It deals with different relations and operations by using letters and symbols to represent numbers values, etc. Section 2.1 13 + 11 56 − 26 12 × 9 25 ÷ 5 13x + 11 56 − 26y 12(9a + 4) 25b ÷ 5 Arithmetic Expressions Algebraic Expressions Letters may be used to represent variables or constants. Algebra

3. Slide: 3 dd, mm, and yyyy are constants. Their values stay the same, since Tracy`s birthday is on a fixed date. When a certain letter of the alphabet is used to represent a varying quantity, it is called a variable. When a letter is used to represent a specific quantity that does not change, it is called a constant. Section 2.1 Example Tracy was born on July 20, 2006. She is 5 years old. Tracy’s age x years Tracy’s birthday dd/mm/yyyy Here, x is a variable. It changes every year as Tracy gets older. Variables and Constants

4. Slide: 4 Temperature in the shade. Section 2.1 Example Let’s assume that it is ten degrees hotter in the sun than it is in the shade. y = x + 10 Temperature in the sun. The temperature may vary, so x and y are free to change, but the relationship between them is fixed. When a certain letter of the alphabet is used to represent a varying quantity, it is called a variable. When a letter is used to represent a specific quantity that does not change, it is called a constant. Variables and Constants

5. Slide: 5 A term is a number, variable, or a combination of numbers and variables which are multiplied and/or divided together. Terms are separated by addition and subtraction operators. A combination of terms makes up an expression. Section 2.1 4x 2 + − 25 y y x x 1 st Term 2 nd Term3 rd Term Coefficient: the numerical factor in front of the variable in a term. Variable Constant term: a term that has only a number without any variables. Expression Algebraic Expressions

6. Slide: 6 Like terms are terms that have the same variables and exponents. Unlike terms are terms that have different variables or the same variables with different exponents. Section 2.1 Like terms Unlike terms Like Terms and Unlike Terms

7. Slide: 7 Section 2.1 The distinction is important because like terms can be added or subtracted from each other, while unlike terms cannot. + + = = + + = = + + Like terms are terms that have the same variables and exponents. Unlike terms are terms that have different variables or the same variables with different exponents. x x x x 2x2x 2x2x y y y y 2y2y 2y2y + + = = x x y y x x y y Like Terms and Unlike Terms

8. Slide: 8 Factors refer to each of the combinations of variables and/or numbers multiplied together in a term. Section 2.1 9 and x are factors of the term 9x. 7, x, and y are factors of the term 7xy. Factors

9. Slide: 9 Monomial is an algebraic expression that has only one term. Binomial is an algebraic expression with exactly 2 terms. Trinomial is an algebraic expression with exactly 3 terms. Polynomial is an algebraic expression that has 2 or more terms. Section 2.1 3 3 Monomial Binomial Trinomial Polynomial 5x5x 5x5x 9xy 3 + x 5x − 2y 9xy + 21x 3 + x + 4y 5x − 2y + 17xy 9x + 21y − 6z 9x + 21y − 6z − 12 9x + 21y − 6z + 3xyz − 2, and so on… Number of Terms in an Expression

10. Slide: 10 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Addition and Subtraction When adding or subtracting algebraic expressions, first collect the like terms and group them, then add or subtract the coefficients of the like terms. Example Add (3x 2 + 7x − 1) and (11x 2 − 4x +13). Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

11. Slide: 11 Solution Subtract (6x 2 − 17x + 5) from (14x 2 + 3x − 3).

12. Slide: 12 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Multiplication: Multiplying Monomials by Monomials. When multiplying a monomial by a monomial, multiply the coefficients and multiply all variables. If there are any identical variables, use the exponent notation. Example Multiply 11x 2 y and 2xy. Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

13. Slide: 13 Solution Multiply 9a 3, 2ab, and 5b 2.

14. Slide: 14 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Multiplication: Multiplying Polynomials by Monomials. When multiplying a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term of the polynomial by the monomial. Example Multiply 4x 2 and (2x 2 + 5x + 3). Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

15. Slide: 15 Solution Expand and simplify 12x(x + 3) + x(x − 1).

16. Slide: 16 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Multiplication: Multiplying Polynomials by Polynomials. When multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial, each term of one polynomial is multiplied by each term of the other polynomial. Example Multiply (2x 2 + 3) and (5x + 4). Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

17. Slide: 17 Solution Multiply (2x 2 + 3) and (x 2 + 4x + 1).

18. Slide: 18 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Division: Dividing Monomials by Monomials. When dividing a monomial by a monomial, group the constants and each of the variables separately and simplify them. Example Divide 12x 2 y by 9x. Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

19. Slide: 19 Section 2.1 All arithmetic operations can be applied to algebraic expressions. Division: Dividing Polynomials by Monomials. When dividing a Polynomial by a monomial, divide each term of the polynomial by the monomial. Example Divide (25x 3 + 15x 2 ) by 10x. Basic Arithmetic Operations with Algebraic Expressions

20. Slide: 20 Solution Divide (6x 3 + 9x 4 + 11x) by 9x 4.

21. Slide: 21 Section 2.1 To evaluate algebraic expressions, we replace all the variables with numbers and simplify the expression. Example Evaluate 5x + 2y, where x = 3 and y = 5. Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

22. Slide: 22 Solution Evaluate the expression, where x = 3, and y = 2. 7xy + 5x 2y + 6

23. Slide: 23 Solution Evaluate the expression, where x = 4, and y = 6. 20 (2x) 2 + 6y

24. Slide: 24 Section 2.1 Factoring algebraic expressions means finding the common factors for both coefficients and the variables in all the terms. Example Factor 27x 2 + 12x. Factoring Algebraic Expressions with Common Factors

25. Slide: 25 Solution Factor 32xy 3 + 8xy 4 − 16x 3 y 5 − 2xy 3.