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United States History Standard 15: Analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I – Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare – Explain the domestic impact of World War I and the Great Migration
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World War I World War I began among European nations in 1914 because of: – Militaries – Militaries—everyone expanded their armies & navies so no one would mess with them – Alliances – Alliances—countries signed treaties to help each other – Imperialism – Imperialism—industrial nations competed for the same colonies – Nationalism – Nationalism—Some people wanted to form new countries
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Outbreak of World War I On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by members of a Serbian terrorist group; this led to the outbreak of WWI
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Europe before the warEurope during the war The Western Front The Eastern Front WW1 is a two-front war because Germany has to fight the Allies on both sides The Allied Powers The Central Powers
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New, industrial weapons made this an unexpectedly deadly war which neither side seemed able to win total war Both the Allies & Central Powers used total war by converting industrial factories to make war supplies, drafted men to fight, used propaganda, & rationed necessary goods in order to win
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The USA enters WWI When war was declared in Europe in 1914, President Wilson declared American neutrality; But the USA joined the war in 1917 due to: – German unrestricted submarine warfare & violation of free trade – Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico – Wilson hoped to “make the world safe for democracy” The USA provided badly needed troops & supplies to the Allies
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Germany used “u-boats” to blockade England; sank many American ships
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all “The Flag of Liberty represents us all” Which groups are these posters targeting? “Emotional” Wartime Propaganda
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A Bureaucratic War To coordinate the war effort, 5,000 new gov’t agencies were created – War Industries Board (WIB) oversaw all factories, decided priorities, & fixed prices – Food Admin supplied food to soldiers by appealing to civilians – Fuel Admin rationed coal & oil – RR Admin, War Shipping Board, & War Trade Board helped move resources to troops Imposed “gasless” days & shut down factories for days to divert or conserve fuel Asked for a spirit of self-sacrifice, imposed “meatless” & “wheatless” days & encouraged Americans to plant “victory gardens”
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New bureaucracies were created to mobilize America for participation in World War 1
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Workers in the War omen blacks Because America needed more workers, women were able to better- paying jobs & many Southern blacks moved north for industrial jobs
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How was WW1 a “world war”?
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