1. What does this cartoon mean?

2. Progressives & Discrimination

3. Progressive Discrimination
Prejudice and discrimination continued even during the Progressive Era
Minorities, including African Americans, Latinos, Catholics, Jews and Native Americans worked to help themselves
Their efforts paved the way for the era of civil rights several decades later

4. As a result, they were often hostile to minority or immigrant cultures
Status Quo
Most Progressives were white, middle-class Protestants who held the racial and ethnic prejudices common in this period
They envisioned a model America based on Protestant ethics and a white middle-class lifestyle
As a result, they were often hostile to minority or immigrant cultures

5. Americanization
Progressives believed assimilation would turn immigrants into loyal and moral citizens—introduced the Americanization movement
While teaching English to immigrants, they also advised them to replace their customs with middle-class practices and values
Progressives saw many immigrant customs as moral failures

6. African Americans Many Progressives supported racial prejudices.
The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case (1896), establishing “separate but equal” is legal, furthered discrimination in the North as well as the South
By 1910 segregation was the norm nationwide
After 1914, even federal offices were segregated because of policies approved by President Woodrow Wilson

7. African Americans were split over how to end racial discrimination
Booker T. Washington
Urged a patient, gradual effort based on earning equality through training and work in the skilled trades
W.E.B. Dubois
Demanded that African Americans receive all the constitutional rights immediately
They disagreed over whether achieving equality was the burden of the nation or of the African Americans

8. NAACP
After the 1908 riot against African Americans in Springfield, Illinois, Progressives joined with the Niagara Movement to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The NAACP demanded voting and civil rights for African Americans
The NAACP aimed to help African Americans become “physically free from peonage, mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disenfranchisement, and socially free from insult”
Prominent Progressives were attracted to their cause

9. Ethnic Groups Jewish Americans:
formed B’nai B’rith to provide religious education and support
Anti-Defamation League was formed to defend Jews and others from physical & verbal attacks, false statements and to “secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike”
Mexican Americans:
Formed mutualistas that provided legal assistance and insurance
Many Latinos were subject to unfair labor contracts that the mutualistas helped defeat

10. Ethnic Groups Native Americans
In 1911 the Society of American Indians was formed to protest federal policy
By 1932, two thirds of all tribal lands had been sold off
Japanese Americans
In 1913, California restricted land ownership to American citizens which excluded the Japanese because they were not allowed to become citizens
In 1922, the Supreme Court allowed the limitation