1. Penguin robot helps researchers get close and personal http://www.theguardian.com/science/animal-magic/2014/nov/03/penguin-robot-behaviour

2. My robot project is this far A.All done – robot leaves arena with green beacon B.Can find green beacon – but can’t leave arena C.Can find red beacon and turn it off – but can’t find green beacon D.Can find red beacon but can’t turn it off E.Cannot find red beacon

3. Human Factors in Design

4. What are Human Factors (HF)? And why do engineers need to be concerned about them?

5. Human Factors is the application of knowledge about human characteristics to design Physical ▫Strength, size, reaction time, endurance, frailty, eyesight, fine motor skills Social/Emotional/Cultural ▫User preferences (simplicity, reliability, aesthetics, safety, cost, etc.), culturally-based behaviors (reading, speaking), acceptance Cognitive ▫Understanding cause and effect, user interface, interpreting emotions and intentions

6. Man – Machine Interface Sensory Cognitive Action Display/ Configuration Machine Processing Control Human Machine Interface/Interaction

7. Human-System Interface Senses - Vision - Hearing Psychomotor - Hands Input Devices - Buttons Output - Display - Sound INTERFACEINTERFACE US Department of Veteran Affairs

8. Human Factors also acknowledge that humans are fallible.., people make mistakes! So why consider Human Factors? Improve efficiency Ensure safety* Increase human performance (i.e., productivity) Minimize costs (economic, legal, social) *Especially critical to space/air, nuclear and healthcare industries

9. Human Factors design considerations affect product effectiveness, safety, and ultimately, desirability. Source: FDA Medical Device Use-Safety

10. Example: Healthcare-related technology is rapidly growing You hope Human Factors were considered in the design of this equipment

11. Human Factors (ergonomics) integrates knowledge from multiple fields Engineering Psychology Physiology/Kinesiology Biology Anthropology SJSU has a Human Factors program in the Industrial and Systems Engineering Department Source: Integrated Safety Management, Berkeley Lab wikipedia

12. Astronaut interacting with a space system that was designed with human factors. (This image is in the public domain. Source: NASA)

13. Human neural prosthetics include human factors engineering, creating new interface methods. http://nitrolab.engr.wisc.edu/research.php

14. Human Factors should only be considered when designing complex systems? A.True B.False

15. The Kitchen Harris & Ewing/ Smithsonian Institution Archives/Wikimedia Commons Department of Agriculture/National Archives. Kitchen layout 1920-1954 Gilbreth’s “Kitchen Practical” Design Photograph by Theodor Horydczak/Library of Congress

16. Consider how human factors were included in the IDEO shopping cart design. http://www.ideo.com/work/shopping-cart-concept

18. https://worldofparis.wordpress.com/tag/carrefour/ IDEO cart didn’t take off but there were others. In Europe easy to navigate in small markets

19. Physical Domain – Consider human scale

20. Physical Domain – Consider Anthropometric Data – For example reach Source: http://www.mccauslandco.com/ Source: http://openacademyofknowledge.wikispaces.com/

21. Physical Domain – Consider Developmental Capabilities

22. Physical Domain – Assistive Technology

23. The relationship between stress and performance Stress level Area of “optimum” stress Low stress Boredom High stress Anxiety, panic Performance level Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482 Physical Domain: Consider Effects of Stress

24. Social Domain – Cultural Norms

25. Social/Emotional Follows Social Conventions ▫Getting on elevator – wait your turn Can respond to human signals ▫Change of voice (e.g. express sympathy when you are tired) ▫Response to violent behavior Bandit-II used in hospitals

26. Social/Emotional Match robot personality to that of user Source: Tapus (2008)

27. Social/Emotional Human but not too human – “uncanny valley” Source: pinktentacle.com

28. Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive? See Woods paper Friendly? Unfriendly?

29. Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive? See Woods paper Can talk? Can’t talk?

30. Cognitive Domain - Compatibility

31. Which would be considered a Human Factor to be addressed? A.Limited memory B.Fatigue C.Development stage of user D.Cultural E.All of the above

32. Cognitive Domain – Sometimes we don’t say what we see …. Say the color of the words that appear Optillusions.com

33. http://www.baddesigns.com/starbucks.html Ooops! There goes my coffee!!!

34. Remedy(?): An instruction card was placed next to machine http://www.baddesigns.com/starbucks.html

35. Can Opener http://www.baddesigns.com/canopen.html Cuts below the rim of the can Conventional can opener What’s wrong with the design on the right?

36. Attention to which Human Factors in the workplace could help reduce errors? A.Avoiding reliance on memory B.Making things more visible C.Simplifying processes or procedures D.Making equipment easy to operate E.All of the above

37. Designing Across the Lifespan 1 page (400-500 words) for each member of the team (not a team paper) Discuss how to modify the design of a companion robot to serve a child or a 65+ adult Base your design decisions on information from reliable literature (see example in Canvas: Robot Module: Background Reading….) You will be submitting this in your Lab

38. Discuss some ways you might modify an assistive robot for the two audiences Source: http://www.robaid.com/

39. https://josefstetter.wordpress.com/2011/04/24/back-to-basics-interview-prepping/