1. World War I War to end all wars 1914 – 1918

2. World War I Began on July 28, 1914 Ended on November 11, 1918 United States joined in April 1917

3. Causes of WWI Causes of WWI – MANIA Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another Nationalism – extreme pride or loyalty in one ’ s country Imperialism – when a stronger country takes over a weaker country economically and politically. Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

4. Militarism Country1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenses France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

5. Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente

8. Nationalism Pride or loyalty to one’s nation At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 nationalism was ignored in favor of preserving the peace. Germany and Italy were left as divided states, but strong nationalist movements and revolutions led to the independence of Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871. France lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and regaining it was a major goal of the French. Nationalism was a problem for Austria-Hungary and the Balkans, areas of many conflicting national groups.

9. Imperialism Control of influence a stronger country has over a weaker country. Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets and raw materials after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution These countries also competed for Africa In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was wanted by Austria-Hungary, the Balkans, and Russia.

10. European Conquest of Africa

11. The “Spark”

12. Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

14. Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.Archduke Franz Ferdinand

15. Domino Effect Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria-Hungary. Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

16. Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia France pledges their support for Russia Germany declares war on France Germany invades Belgium on the way to France Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

17. War World I Central Powers Germany Austria- Hungary Italy Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia

18. United States and WWI President Woodrow Wilson tried to keep us out of WWI and we were a neutral country at the beginning of the war. President Woodrow Wilson tried to keep us out of WWI Sinking of the “Lusitania” in 1915 In 1917, Germany began unrestricted warfare in waters around Britain – meaning they would sink any ship even ones from neutral countries Germany tried to get Mexico to side with Germany and against the United States April 6, 1917 the United States declared war on Germany

19. New weapons used in WWI Machine gun Poison gas Submarine Airplane Tank Why these weapons? Why now? INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!

29. Why was WWI a Stalemate? What is a stalemate? Neither side can make a move to win Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before? Trench Warfare = “ solution ” Trench Warfare Millions die without gaining ground.

30. What were the results? Germany surrendered Allies impose Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Declares Germany guilty for war Germany must pay reparations to Allies This sets the stage for WWII! League of Nations formed to try to prevent war in the futureprevent war in the future

31. Casualties Total troops dead - 8,556,315 Total troops mobilized - 65,038,810 Total troops wounded - 21,219,452 Total missing or POWs - 7,750,945