1. 1778 The year of the French

2. Winter at Valley Forge (PA) ► Winter 1777-78  A time of suffering ► Americans lost 2,000 due to disease, lack of clothing, food, etc. ► 2,000 deserters  A time of rejuvenation ► Intense training, drilling ► Foreign Blood  Marquis de Lafayette  Baron Von Steuben

3. Marquis de Lafayette ► 20 year old, wealthy French officer ► Inspired by the Patriot cause, he volunteered for the Continental Army volunteered for the Continental Army  Requested no pay ► First arrived in June 1777, fought at Brandywine ► Would give $200,000 of his own to support army ► Would become close friends with Washington ► Would be promoted to Major General and play a large part in the American army

4. The Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben ► Baron Von Steuben  Spoke no English  Supposed high ranking Prussian officer  Offered his services for no pay  Demanded respect; feared  Washington made him Inspector General of the Army  In charge of training and sanitation  Later found out to be a fake ► Didn’t matter Baron Von Steuben Drilling Troops at Valley Forge by Edwin Abbey

5. George Washington and Lafayette at Valley ForgeValley Forge by John Ward Dunsmore

6. French enter the War ► On Feb 6, the French would formally ally with America pledging support French  Recognized new nation, trade, military alliance  Ally with each other until Britain is defeated  Neither side would negotiate peace without the other ► Due to Ben Franklin’s diplomacy efforts in Paris throughout 1777 efforts in Paris throughout 1777 ► Impressed by Saratoga, Washington

7. British leave Philadelphia ► William Howe would resign command  Replaced by Henry ClintonHenry Clinton ► After the French enter the war, Clinton decides to abandon Philadelphia to reinforce New York  Now open to French navy, attack ► Washington’s troops shadow British on their march

8. Battle of Monmouth, NJ ► June 28, 1778 ► Washington (13,500) attacks British (15,000) on their march to New York ► Charles Lee in charge of initial attack  retreats prematurely  Had rejoined army in prisoner exchange earlier in 1778 ► Washington meets Lee’s retreating army  Disgusted with Lee, rallies troops himself ► Molly Pitcher  Mary Ludwig Hayes ► Delivers water to soldiers on hot battlefield ► Mans husbands cannon when he falls wounded ► After a full day’s fighting, British continue on their retreat during the night  No clear winner, but the British withdrew first ► Casualties  British - 300  Americans - 350 Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze

9. Mary Ludwig Hayes a.k.a Molly Pitcher Molly Pitcher at the battle of Monmouth Monmouth