1. Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus
d antigen
HBsAg
RNA 19 19 19

2. Hepatitis D - Clinical Features
Coinfection
severe acute disease
low risk of chronic infection
Superinfection
usually develop chronic HDV infection
high risk of severe chronic liver disease 20 20 20

3. Hepatitis D Virus Modes of Transmission Percutanous exposures
injecting drug use
Permucosal exposures
sex contact 21 21 21

4. Typical Serologic Course
HBV - HDV Coinfection
Typical Serologic Course
Symptoms
ALT Elevated
anti-HBs
Titer
IgM anti-HDV
HDV RNA
HBsAg
Total anti-HDV
Time after Exposure 22 22 22

5. HBV - HDV Superinfection
Typical Serologic Course
Jaundice
Symptoms
Total anti-HDV
ALT
Titer
HDV RNA
HBsAg
IgM anti-HDV
Time after Exposure 23 23 23

6. Geographic Distribution of HDV Infection
Taiwan
Pacific Islands
HDV Prevalence
High
Intermediate
Low
Very Low
No Data 24 24 24

7. Hepatitis D - Prevention
HBV-HDV Coinfection
Pre or postexposure prophylaxis to prevent HBV infection
HBV-HDV Superinfection
Education to reduce risk behaviors among persons with chronic HBV infection 25 25 25