1. Definition: Automation is the use of control systems for operating equipment with minimal or reduced human intervention. + save labour + reproducibility + accuracy - high initial investment - increased complexity - knowledge loss - erroneous behaviour in unforesee situations

2. WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN Automation Overview with Examples from the SLS Andreas Lüdeke :: Operation Manager Swiss Light Source :: Paul Scherrer Institut at the MAX-IV Automation Review Meeting, 3. - 4. Dec. 2015

3. Know the task!  desired sequence  possible failures  success? Avoid “black boxes”  knowledge loss  silent failures  critical situations Best Practices Page 3

4. Accelerator start-up  checklists  sequencing  reports Device automation  example: RF start-up  example: RF tuning-loop Semi-automated operator procedures  example: “Open ID gaps” / “Close ID gaps” Areas of Accelerator Automation Page 4

5. Automated measurements  example: beam lifetime  example: BBA Failure reporting  example: RF first-fault  example: magnet PS failure reports Failure recovery  example: RF tuning loop  example: restore beam after trip Areas of Accelerator Automation Page 5

6. Ergonomic Tools Consistent Structured Task focussed Fault tolerant Responsive Support memory Ergonomic Operator Interfaces Page 6

7. Task focussed Operator Interface P SI, RF control Operator tasks: Trip recovery Set voltage Set phase RF control Operator tasks: Trip recovery Set voltage Set phase Page 7

8. Task focussed Operator Interface P SI, RF control Operator tasks: Trip recovery Set voltage Set phase RF control Operator tasks: Trip recovery Set voltage Set phase Dedicated Panel for Operation Dedicated Panel for Operation Page 8

9. B.R. Hollifield, Alarm Management: Seven Effective Methods for Optimum Performance Alarm handler objectives  acoustic alarm if operator intervention required  every possible problem should raise an alarm  no alarm, if no operator intervention is required!  provide guidance Alarm handler is THE central operator tool Alarm Management Best Practices Page 9

10. Characteristics of a good alarm  Relevant  Unique  Timely  Prioritised  Understandable  Diagnostic  Advisory  Focussing HSE Alarms Strategy: EEMUA Guide, Experience, IEC61508/11 Alarm Management Best Practices Page 10

11. Nuissance / chattering alarms Operator action undefined Stale alarms  “Shelving” Alarm storms Wrong alarm priorities Alarm Management Problems Page 11

12. Define “Alarm Philosophy”  Every alarm is documented and has an identified response  Alarm must not be ignored!  What alarms, which priorities and guidance?  Responsibilities, Key Performance Indicator Regular Alarm Performance Report  Analyse alarm frequencies  Lists of nuisance and stale alarms  Define action plan and assess progress Alarm Management Best Practices Page 12

13. Alarm Documentation and Rationalization  Create alarm priority grid  Document each alarm type: causes, corrective actions, consequences, time to respond, desired modifications, …  Alarm trip-point determination  Operator Training  Alarm philosophy  Handling and reporting nuisance alarms  Controls applications regarding alarms  Who can change what: alarm trip levels, alarm disabling  Alarm handling strategies: Shelving, State-Based, Flood Suppression, …  Proper and improper alarm suppression Alarm Management Best Practices Page 13

14. Ingredients to successful automation Know your tasks Avoid “black boxes” Comprehensive automation  Start-up  Devices  Operator procedures  Measurements  Failure reporting  Failure recovery Proper user interface design Alarm handler Alarm management