1. Chemistry is a Physical Science Chapter 1, Sections 1 and 2

2. Introduction Chemistry: the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes There are six branches of chemistry to deal with the main areas of study The branches often overlap

3. Matter Mass: a measure of the amount of matter Matter: anything that occupies space (has volume) and has mass

4. Basic Building Blocks of Matter Atom: the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

5. More Building Blocks Compound: a pure substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded Molecule: smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all the properties of that element or compound (for now)

6. Types of Properties Extensive properties: depend on the amount of matter that is present Examples include: volume, mass, amount of energy in a substance Intensive properties: do not depend on the amount of matter present Examples include: melting and boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity and transfer heat

7. Properties Physical properties: properties that can be observed and measured without changing the material's composition Examples would be color, density, melting point, boiling point Chemical properties: properties that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material Examples: reactivity, ability to burn, acidity, decompose

8. Changes Chemical change: changes the chemical properties of the substance, you will have new substance(s) with new properties A chemical change is the result of a chemical reaction Physical change: does not change the chemical properties of the substance, usually changes its state of matter

9. Changes Reactants: the substances that react in a chemical change Products: the substances that are formed by the chemical change

10. States of Matter Solid: has a definite volume and definite shape Liquid: has a definite volume but an indefinite shape (assumes the shape of the container) Gas: no definite volume or shape (assumes the shape of the entire container) Plasma: high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

11. Mixture Different substances not combined chemically Can be separated by physical means Ratio of the components is not constant Its properties are similar to those of its components

12. Types of Mixtures Homogeneous mixture uniform in composition AKA solution Heterogeneous mixture Not uniform throughout Can usually see the different components

13. To Separate a Mixture Pick out the big pieces Filtration, decant, centrifuge Paper chromatography Distillation Use of a magnet

14. Pure Substances Can only be separated by chemical means All samples have identical chemical properties with the same composition Are further divided into elements and compounds Elements can not be split up into simpler substances by chemical means, compounds can

16. HON and the Halogens Hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are diatomic in all physical states