1. Chemical and Physical Properties

2. P HYSICAL C HARACTERISTICS OF MATTER Three Newtonian states of matter- Solid (s): constant volume and shape, least molecular movement. Liquid (l): constant volume, variable shape. Gas (g): variable volume and shape, highest molecular movement. There are other states of matter that will not be studied at this level, i.e. plasma (state of stars). Non-Newtonian states of matter- There are states of matter that fall between the Newtonian states.

3. P HYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical properties of matter describe a characteristic of the matter that can change, without changing the chemical itself. State Size Temperature Mass Volume

4. P HYSICAL CHANGES OF MATTER A change in a physical property results in a physical change-this is not a reaction. Example: an ice cube melting-the state of the water changes from solid to liquid, however, the water is still water. Homework question 1: give a specific example of a physical change for each of the following physical properties: state, size, shape, temperature, mass, volume. Remember, the chemical make-up of the matter must remain constant!

5. C HEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Chemical properties of matter are the characteristics that describe the fundamental nature of the substance. Chemical structure Ratio of elements Melting point Boiling point Fluorescence Luminescence Some observable chemical characteristics can be tricky- Color- colors can be a fundamental characteristic, however, colors can fade for purely physical reasons. Scent-scents are by definition a chemical property, however the human nose is not the most reliable instrument and describing a scent is very subjective.

6. C HEMICAL CHANGES OF MATTER A chemical reaction (rxn) or chemical change is any fundamental change in a chemical’s make- up. A rxn results in the rearrangement of atoms from one chemical into a new chemical. A rxn starts with a reactant/reactants (rct) and ends in new product/products (pdt). Chemical reactions are written in a scientific shorthand: Rct  Pdt

7. Q UICK LAB - CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1. I will start with a piece of paper (reactant). 2. Describe the characteristics of the paper (both physical and chemical). 3. Watch the reaction occur. 4. Record your observations. 5. Describe the characteristics of the product(s). 6. What did you observe that leads you to believe this was a chemical reaction? Homework Question 2: write down three observations (other then what you saw here) that may indicate a chemical reaction has occurred, and why you believe these observations indicate a chemical reaction.