1. 5 Types of migration

2. 1. Forced migration Human migration that occurs when the movers are physically moved by another group Human migration that occurs when the movers are physically moved by another groupExamples... Slavery to fulfill European objectives when settling such areas as the Caribbean and coasts of AmericaSlavery to fulfill European objectives when settling such areas as the Caribbean and coasts of America Late nineteenth-century labour movements from China and India to European-controlled plantations of Malaysia, Sri Lanka & BurmaLate nineteenth-century labour movements from China and India to European-controlled plantations of Malaysia, Sri Lanka & Burma Ethnic cleansing such as occurred during the post-1938 movement of Jewish populations in areas controlled by Nazi GermanyEthnic cleansing such as occurred during the post-1938 movement of Jewish populations in areas controlled by Nazi Germany

3. 1. Forced Migration…examples Advertising a slave auction in Charleston, South Carolina in 1769 Trans-Atlantic Triangular Slave Trade that operated from the late 16 th to early 19 th centuries German Jews deported to Poland’s Lodz Ghetto in 1941. By 1942, these Jews were being deported again: from the ghettos to Nazi death camps.

4. 2. Economic Migration Migration based on the requirements of an employer Migration based on the requirements of an employerExamples… RIM/BlackBerry opens offices in the UK, providing an opportunity for local workers to re-locate overseasRIM/BlackBerry opens offices in the UK, providing an opportunity for local workers to re-locate overseas Blackberry’s UK Head Office on Bath Road in Slough, Berkshire County

5. 3. Seasonal migration Movement of people from their home for a definite or temporary period of time, for employment or recreation Movement of people from their home for a definite or temporary period of time, for employment or recreationExamples… Retired Canadians relocating to Florida for the winter monthsRetired Canadians relocating to Florida for the winter months Students studying abroadStudents studying abroad Migrant workers from the Caribbean working on Canadian farms during the summer and harvest periodsMigrant workers from the Caribbean working on Canadian farms during the summer and harvest periods Young workers working at ski resorts like Whistler in B.C.Young workers working at ski resorts like Whistler in B.C.

6. 3. Seasonal migration…examples The ‘other’ Canadian Snowbirds…’nuf said Studying abroad has become so popular that it is now heavily promoted and marketed. This particular ad comes from the Engineering Department at The University of Nebraska in the U.S. Jamaican apple pickers in Meaford, Ontario during the fall apple harvest. Whistler, B.C. is a popular seasonal job destination for young people around the world.

7. 4. Voluntary migration Movement of people who have made the choice to relocate based on a variety of reasons, some negative Movement of people who have made the choice to relocate based on a variety of reasons, some negativeExamples… European expansion to temperate areas such as the United States, Canada and Australia in times of prosperity and opportunityEuropean expansion to temperate areas such as the United States, Canada and Australia in times of prosperity and opportunity Ontario residents moving to British Columbia or Alberta for a perceived more relaxed way of lifeOntario residents moving to British Columbia or Alberta for a perceived more relaxed way of life Refugees crossing the border, illegally, into the United StatesRefugees crossing the border, illegally, into the United States

8. 4. Voluntary migration…examples The Irish have a long history of immigration to America during times of prosperity and for the promise of a better life British Columbia has long promoted themselves to other Canadians as ‘the best place on earth’ and a place where jobs are plentiful The southwestern U.S. has a long history of dealing with illegal immigrants coming from Mexico

9. 5. Temporary migration A short-term movement of people reacting to a stressor or perceived stressor in their lives A short-term movement of people reacting to a stressor or perceived stressor in their livesExamples… Afghan refugees fleeing Kabul or KandaharAfghan refugees fleeing Kabul or Kandahar Hong Kong residents leaving in anticipation of political change in 1997Hong Kong residents leaving in anticipation of political change in 1997 Residents of New Orleans leaving their city after Hurricane Katrina in 2005Residents of New Orleans leaving their city after Hurricane Katrina in 2005

10. 5. Temporary migration…examples Years of political unrest have led to many refugees fleeing Afghanistan for neighboring countries such as Pakistan and Iran. Rather than stay and celebrate the flags of both mainland China and Hong Kong (as this young girl is doing), many residents left in association with ‘The Handover’ in 1997. Demographers tracked the return of Hurricane Katrina refugees after the storm ravaged New Orleans, LA in 2005.