1. The Skeletal System
Chapter 6

2. Structure and Function of the Skeletal System
Lesson 1

3. Do Now Read I.C.E “Broken Bones” Answer:
1.  List and describe 3 types of fracture.
2. When should fracture be suspected?
3. Describe the 4 steps of bone repair

4. Functions of the Skeleton
Support
Protection
Produce blood cells in the red marrow
All fetal bones have red marrow, only certain adult bones have red marrow
Store minerals and fat
Ca, P, yellow marrow)
Movement

5. Types of Bones Long: longer than wide Short: cube Flat
Irregular: round

6. Long Bones Periosteum Epiphysis: expanded portions at ends of the bone
Continuous with ligaments and tendons
Connective tissue covering
Protection
Blood vessels
Epiphysis: expanded portions at ends of the bone
Diaphysis: between epiphyses
Medullary cavity
Inside shaft (diaphysis)
Stores yellow marrow (fat)
Articular cartilage: hyaline where bones meet at a joint

8. In class assignment
Exercise 5.2 worksheet

9. Homework
Text pg “Study Questions” # 1-5

10. Bone Composition
Lesson 2

11. Do Now What is an example of a short bone? A flat bone?
Fill in the blank:
At both ends of a long bone is an expanded portion called an ____________; the portion between them is called the _______________.

12. Red Bone Marrow Found in long bones Site of hematopoiesis: red
blood cell (RBC) formation
Location:
Skull
Ribs
Sternum
Vertebrae
Ends of long bones

13. Compact/Cortical Bone
Dense, outer surface of the bone
Osteocytes: bone cells
Canaliculi: bring O2 and nutrients to osteocytes
Central canal
Contains blood vessels and nerves
Connect osteocytes

14. Spongy Bone
Cancellous
Lighter
Compact
Strong
Can withstand stress

15. Bone Growth Osteoprogenitor: unspecialized cells
Osteoblasts: Build/form bones
Osteocytes: mature bone cells
Osteoclasts
Found in red bone marrow
Break down bone to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream
Bone Growth

16. Ossification Formation of bone
Intramembranous: bone develops between fibrous connective tissue
Ex: skull
Endochrondral: cartilage breaks down and lays down spongy bone which thickens and becomes compact
Epiphyseal plate
band of cartilage between primary and secondary ossification sites
Rate of growth is controlled by hormones
When the plates close growth stops

17. In class assignment
Long bone worksheet

18. Cranium
Lesson 3

19. Do Now Take out bone structure worksheet
Chapter 21 Study guide worksheet

20. Axial Appendicular Cranium (head) Vertebrae (spinal column)
Thoracic bones (ribs)
Upper limbs
Pelvis (hip bone)
Lower limbs

21. Cranium Immovable joints 6 bones
1 frontal
2 parietal
1 Occipital
2 temporal
Newborns have fontanels which are not fused

23. Frontal: forehead, nose, eyesockets
Parietal: sides of head
Occipital: posterior of skull
Foramen magnum: hole for spinal cord
Occiptal condyle: rounded on sides of foramen magnum
Attaches to c1
Temporal: inferior to parietal

24. Temporal External acoustic meatus: ear canal
Mandibular fossa: meets jaw
Mastoid process: attaches to neck muscles
Styloid process: attaches tongue and larynx
Zygomatic process: cheekbone
Sphenoid bone: floor of cranium near eyes, butterfly shape
Sella turcica: pituitary gland depression
Ethmoid bone: anterior to sphenoid, floor of cranium, forms nasal cavity
Crista galli: triangle attachment for brain membranes
Cribriform plate: holes for nerves and nose sensors
Perpendicular plate: forms superior nasal septum
Superior middle nasal conchae: increases nasal cavity, attaches nasal mucous membranes

25. In class assignment
Labeling diagrams

26. Parietal
Frontal
Nasal
Coronal Structure
Squamous Structure
Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
ethmoid
Nasal
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible

27. Coronal Structure
Parietal
Frontal
Squamous Structure
Temporal
Sphenoid
Lambdoidal Structure
ethmoid
Lacrimal
Occipital
Accoustic Meatus
Nasal
Zygomatic
Mastoid Process
Maxilla
Zygomatic Arch
Styloid Process
Mandible
Zygomatic

28. Homework
Text pg. 126 “Study Questions” # 6

29. Facial Bones
Lesson 4

30. Do Now
Video: The Skull
Point out the following bones/sutures on the skeleton:
Coronal suture
Temporal bone
Frontal bone
Lacrimal bone
Occipital bone
Zygomatic arch
Sphenoid bone
Mandible/Maxilla
Parietal bone

31. Facial Bones 2 Maxillae: upper jaw Vomer bone: 2 Zygomatic bones:
Palantine process: roof of mouth
Alveolar process: tooth sockets
2 Zygomatic bones:
Cheekbones
Zygomatic arch
2 Lacrimal bones:
Between the eyes/nose
Holes for tear ducts
2 Nasal Bones:
Bridge of nose
Cartilage
Vomer bone:
inferior position of nasal septum
Joins ethmoid bone and perpendicular plate
2 Inferior nasal conchae:
Lateral walls of nasal cavity
Mandible: lower jaw/chin
Mandibular condyle: attaches to temporal bone
Coronoid process: chewing muscle attachment

32. Hyoid Bone Superior to larynx Does not articulate with any other bone
Suspended
Anchors tongue and swallowing muscles

33. In class assignment
Skull labeling diagrams page 13 & 14 of packet