1. JAPAN 1945-1952 OCCUPATION MacArthur AND JAPAN MADE IT WORK WAS THIS A LOVE STORY?

2. WHAT QUALITIES WOULD BE REQUIRED TO RULE JAPAN?

3. JAPANESE EMPEROR ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR WWII  RADIO BROADCAST TO JAPANESE PEOPLE VALIDATED THE SURRENDER DEFEAT WAS COMPLETE-MILITARILY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY CASUALTIES: 9 MILLION ALL MAJOR CITIES DESTROYED ONE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED EACH ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

4. ECONOMIC DEVASTATION  MERCHANT MARINE GONE  FACTORIES AND MINES CEASED TO OPERATE  FOOD PRODUCTION CUT IN HALF  6 MILLION JAPANESE FROM ABROAD HAD TO BE RESETTLED IN JAPAN  JAPANESE MILITARY AND ELITE DISCREDITED

5. MacArthur BECAME THE MILITARY DICTATOR OF JAPAN  U.S. ARMY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF IN THE PACIFIC (Island-hopping and the Philippines)  REGARDED BY SOME AMERICANS AS ARROGANT AND DIFFICULT  JAPANESE REGARDED HIM AS THE EPITOME OF A WARRIOR  NEVER ONE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT THOUGH HE TRAVELLED IN THE OPEN

6. JAPAN HAD A FUNCTIONING GOVERNMENT UNLIKE GERMANY  EMPEROR WAS SYMBOL OF JAPANESE UNITY  WAR CRIMINALS WERE EXECUTED TOJO BLAMED WITH LAUNCHING THE WAR  MANY JAPANESE PEOPLE UNAWARE OF BRUTALITY OF THEIR ARMED FORCES

7. NEW CONSTITUTION FOR JAPAN  CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (British model)  DIET had two houses Prime minister was “appointed” by the Emperor though chosen by the Diet  PACIFIST CLAUSE  FOLLOWED BEST PRACTICES OF EARLIER JAPANESE DEMOCRACIES

8. POLITICAL REFORMS  UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE  “LEGAL PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS”  EXPANSION OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM WITH INCLUSION OF FEMALES  POWER OF BIG BUSINESS AND LANDOWNERS REDUCED

9. EONOMIC REFORMS  REDISTRIBUTION OF FARMLAND MacArthur ACCUSED OF SOCIALISM WHERE ELSE DID THIS HAPPEN?  ABSENTEE LANDLORDS PAID LOW PRICE WHICH REALLY BECAME CONFISCATION  NEW INDEPENDENT FARMERS BECAME CONSERVATIVE FORCE OF THE NEW ORDER

10. LESS SUCCESSFUL REFORMS  ENCOURAGED SMALL BUSINESS  ENCOURAGED LABOR UNIONS TO CHECK THE ZAIBATSU OLIGOPOLIES THAT RAN THE ECONOMY LARGE CONGLOMERATES LATER MADE A COMEBACK (keiretsu)

11. LABOR MILITANCY IS HALTED  SHORTAGES AND INFLATION CAUSED WORKERS TO TURN TO THE SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST ORGANIZERS  BITTER STRIKES IN 1946 AND 1947  MacArthur CANCELED A NATIONWIDE STRIKE IN 1948  ECONOMICALLY STABLE JAPAN NEEDED FOR U.S. SECURITY INTERESTS (COLD WAR)

12. SOCIALIST PARTY WINS 1947 ELECTION  STALIN ORDERED JAPANESE COMMUNISTS TO FIGHT THIS “BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY”  US OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES DID NOT FAVOR FURTHER SOCIAL REFORMS  POLITICAL POWER SHIFTED TO THE CONSERVATIVES

13. YOSHIDA ELECTED PRIME MINISTER  LIBERAL DEMOCRATS DOMINATED  FAVORED BIG BUSINESS  WANTED TO END US OCCUPATION  US NOW PREOCCUPIED WITH THE COLD WAR AND RELIED ON PRIME MINISTER TO HOLD STATUS QUO

14. MacArthur ORDERED END TO SOCIAL REFORMS  REDUCTION OF BUDGET DEFICIT  REDUCED INFLATION  COMMUNISTS PURGED FROM LABOR UNIONS  NEW UNIONS COOPERATED WITH MANAGEMENT  WAGES HELD DOWN AND INVESTMENT INCREASED

15. JAPAN BECAME CLOSE ALLY IN THE COLD WAR  GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSE TO THE SU  PROVIDED AIR AND NAVAL BASES  OCCUPATION ENDED IN 1951  US-JAPANESE MILITARY TREATY SIGNED IN 1952  JAPAN DID NOT RECOGNIZE CHINESE COMMUNIST REGIME

16. JAPANESE ECONOMIC MIRACLE  MASSIVE US PURCHASES OF MATERIALS FOR THE KOREAN WAR  DODGE PLAN SIMILAR TO MARSHALL PLAN  FOOD RATIONING ENDED  HIGH SAVINGS RATE FUNNELLED INTO INVESTMENT NO MILITARY SPENDING  ECONOMY GREW AT FAST RATE

17. WHY THIS MIRACLE?  MacArthur watched out for them?  STRONG EDUCATION SYSTEM  HIGHLY TRAINED AND ADAPTABLE WORKFORCE  FAVORABLE TRADING OPPORTUNITIES  GOVERNMENT SUPPORT (MITI)  TARIFFS

18. MANUFACTURING EXPERTISE  Created atmosphere for creative thinking  QUALITY, QUALITY, QUALITY W. Edwards Deming Award  LOW COST-LOW PRICE STRATGY  PROFITS LESS IMPORTANT THAN MARKET SHARE  ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS THAT CONSUMERS CRAVED

19. KEIRETSU  BIG BUSINESS TIED TO EACH OTHER  COMPANY UNIONS WITH GUARANTEED LIFETIME EMPLOYMENT  HIGH WAGES  NEW TECHNOLOGIES  RELIED ON NUCLEAR POWER TO CUT DEPENDENCE ON OIL IMPORTS  LARGE ACCUMULATION OF FOREIGN ASSETS

20. KEIRETSU (vertical and horizontal integration) MITSUBISHI GROUP STEEL COMPANY PARTS SUPPLIER BANK TRUCK AND CAR COMPANY INSURANCE COMPANY TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION POWER COMPANY

21. EXPORT MACHINE  HIGH DOMESTIC PRICES BRED CULTURE OF SAVING  WORLD MARKET SHARE MOTIVATED BUSINESS DECISIONS  FOREIGN COMPETITORS FROZEN OUT OF DOMESTIC MARKET  BANKS WERE BUSINESS PARTNERS NOT LENDERS

22. UNITED STATES AND JAPAN LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP  ECONOMIC COMPETITORS  MILITARY TIES THAT BIND  TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS  CONSULTANTS ON ASIAN POLICY