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Intro to Color Theory
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Objectives Identify and discuss various color models including RGB, CMYK, Black/white and spot color. Investigate color mixing processes. Apply color mixing processes to create new colors in digital format using various software tools.
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Typical Color Models H-S-B (or V) R-G-B C-M-Y-K (Black) Black & White Spot Color
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Visible Light Spectrum
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Color Attributes A Theoretical Approach Characteristics of Color –Hue –Brightness –Saturation
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Hue - Perceived as “Color”
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Brightness - Amount of Perceived “White” in a Hue
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Saturation - Amount of Perceived “Black” in a Hue
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Hue Circle
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Brightness or “Gray” Scale White Black 256 Levels Of Brightness Zero Units 255 Units
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Hue and Brightness
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Additive Color Mixing and the R-G-B Color Model
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Additive Color Mixing Used for mixing colors created by light. –Video Cameras –Computer Screens –Television Lights –Video Monitors
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Additive Color Mixing Three primary colors: –Red –Green –Blue This is the R-G-B color model.
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Additive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. Equal amounts of red and blue yields magenta.
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Additive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. Equal amounts of red and green yields yellow.
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Additive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue Equal amounts of blue and green yields cyan.
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Additive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. When all three overlap, they “add up” to white!
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Brightness or “Gray” Scale White Black 256 Levels Of Brightness Zero Units 255 Units
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How Many Colors? Zero Units of Red = Black 255 Units of Red = Pure Red Color has 256 levels from 0 to 255. 256 Possible Reds!
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How Many Colors? The R-G-B Model can mix. Any of 256 shades of red. Any of 256 shades of green. Any of 256 shades of blue. Yielding a possible 16,777,216 colors!
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Digital “Math” 2 1 = Black & White 2 9 = 5122 17 = 131072 2 2 = 4 colors2 10 = 10242 18 = 262144 2 3 = 8 colors2 11 = 20482 19 = 524288 2 4 = 16 colors2 12 = 40962 20 = 1048576 2 5 = 32 colors2 13 = 81922 21 = 2097152 2 6 = 64 colors2 14 = 163842 22 = 41194304 2 7 = 128 colors2 15 = 327682 23 = 8388608 2 8 = 256 colors2 16 = 655362 24 =16777216
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Saturation and Brightness Saturation = 255 units Brightness = 128 units
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Saturation and Brightness Saturation = 0 units Brightness = 128 units
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Subtractive Color Mixing and the C-Y-M-K Color Model
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Subtractive Color Mixing Used for mixing inks for printing. Primary colors are: –Yellow –Cyan –Magenta
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Subtractive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. Equal amounts of cyan and magenta yields blue.
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Subtractive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. Equal amounts of magenta and yellow yields red.
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Subtractive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. Equal amounts of cyan and yellow yields green.
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Subtractive Color Mixing Assuming a “pure” hue. When inks are mixed, the color filters or “subtracts” out yielding black.
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Subtractive Color Mixing When mixing inks or pigments, you never achieve a true black. Black requires a special black mixture.
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Spot Color Use of one color for printing purposes. –Business cards –Clip art –Logos
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Spot Color Usually a single color is added to black as in this example. Different values of the same hue can be used.
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Changing Colors in Graphics Software
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Changing Colors Click on foreground Color to launch “Color Picker”.
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Changing Colors
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Curriculum Content and Activities created by Dr. Mark Mortensen Dept. of Technology & Cognition University of North Texas Copyright C. Mark Mortensen 2001
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