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Sustainable Communities
Richard T. Wright Environmental Science Tenth Edition Chapter 23 Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
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Trenton Brownfield Site
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Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles
Urban sprawl Urban blight Moving toward sustainable communities Toward a common good
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Urban Sprawl The origins of urban sprawl Measuring sprawl
Impacts of urban sprawl Reining in urban sprawl: smart growth
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Urban Sprawl Sprawl: extension of city perimeters outward in the countryside, one development after the next, with little plan as to where the expansion is going and no notion as to where it will stop.
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Urban Sprawl
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The Origins of Urban Sprawl
Post World War II demand for consumer goods: cheap cars and gas Housing boom with low mortgage rates Highway Trust Fund Population growth
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Impacts of the Highway Trust Fund
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City Suburbs Exurbs The Flight Continued
The results of a car-dependent lifestyle City Suburbs Exurbs
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Measuring Sprawl Residential density
Neighborhood mix of homes, stores, and workplaces Accessibility of the street networks Strength of activity centers and downtowns
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Low scores mean high sprawl
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Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Environmental
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Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Simplify and Destabilize!
Photos by C.E. Adams
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Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Quality of Life
Higher vehicle ownership and driving mileage Greater risk of fatal accidents Lower rates of walking and lessened use of mass-transit facilities
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Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Quality of Life
No change in congestion delays Higher costs for municipal services Higher incidence of obesity and high blood pressure
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Benefits of Urban Sprawl
Lower density residential living Larger lot sizes Larger single-family homes
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Benefits of Urban Sprawl
Better quality public schools Lower crime rates Better social services Greater opportunity to participate in local governments
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Reining in Urban Sprawl: Smart Growth
“Smart Growth”: forces communities to purposely choose to develop in more environmentally sustainable ways. Sets boundaries on urban sprawl Saves open space Develops existing urban space Creates new towns
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Urban Blight Economic and ethnic segregation
The vicious cycle of urban blight Economic exclusion of the inner city Urban blight in developing countries What makes cities livable
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Indicators of Urban Decay
Economic and ethnic segregation Eroding tax base Loss of social services Lowered property values Higher property taxes Deterioration of central city infrastructure
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An Area of Suburbia
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An Area of Inner-city Baltimore
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Abandoned Buildings
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Economic Exclusion of the Inner City
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Urban Blight in Developing Countries
Slum communities No utility services No land ownership Crime and disease are endemic Expected to continue growing into middle of century Continually overwhelmed by influx of rural immigrants
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Slum Community Needs Home security More jobs Cheap transportation
Government representation (Slum Dwellers International – SDI at
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Shantytown
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What Makes Cities Livable
Integrated living, working, and recreational spaces Affordable housing Provisions for pedestrian and bicycle traffic Protection of sensitive habitats
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High Population Densities Make a City
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What Makes Cities Livable?
Reduced outward sprawl Reduced automobile traffic Improved access by foot or bicycle Mass transit
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What Makes Cities Livable?
High population density Heterogeneity of residences and business People meet people not cars
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Moving Toward Sustainable Communities
Sustainable cities Proximity of people to residences, shops, and workplaces Use of solar energy Self-sufficiency in provision of food Stable population
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Livable Cities
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Car-centered Cities
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Bicycle-centered Cities
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The Big Dig Moved central freeway under ground
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Urban Gardens
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Moving Toward Sustainable Communities
Sustainable cities Sustainable communities
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Chattanooga, Tennessee
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Sustainable Communities
Renovation and recycling Greenways development Reclaimed waterways New industries
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Toward the Common Good Our dilemma Lifestyle changes
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The Common Good Compassion Concern for justice Honesty Frugality
Humility Neighborliness
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Lifestyle Changes Individual lifestyle changes Political involvement
Membership and participation in NGO environmental organizations Volunteer work Career choices
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Habitat for Humanity Volunteers
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End of Chapter 23 PPT by Clark E. Adams
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