1. The Civil War 1861-1865

2.  March 4, 1861 Lincoln took office  Tense standoff at Fort Sumter, SC  April 12 4:30 am the Civil War began  Sumter surrendered on April 13  The only casualty was an artillery mule

3.  April 15 Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight the war  Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina join Confederacy  April 19 Naval blockade  Anaconda Plan  Typical soldier was between 18 & 25 years old  $13 a month  Little training and low admission standards  Typically a farmer by trade

5.  Population  Economy  Railroads  Abraham Lincoln  Navy  Could supply all its needs  Had to conquer the South  Poor generalship early  Uncertain reasons for fighting  Volunteer army  Political division

6.  Better generalship (early)  Better soldiers  On the defensive  Belief in their cause  Could trade territory for time  Possible European intervention  Population  Few industrial regions  Poor railroads  Political divisions  Jefferson Davis  Lack of a clear grand strategy

7. .58 caliber rifled musket  Springfield  Enfield  12 pound Napoleon  Sabers  Pistols

10.  Brutal and primitive  Amputations  No antibiotics  Infections  Disease  Gangrene  Typhoid  Diarrhea  Pneumonia  Small Pox

11.  Bull Run or Manassas  July 21, 1861  Irving McDowell (U)  PGT Beauregard (C)  Union 35,000  CSA 32,000  Result: Confederate Victory

12.  Feb. 6-16 Forts Henry and Donelson fall to U.S. Grant  March 9 Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac (Virginia)  April 6-7 Battle of Shiloh  May 31-June 1 Battle of Seven Pines  June 25-July 1 Seven Days Battles

13.  Aug. 29-30 Second Bull Run  Lee invades the North with his Army of Northern Virginia  Sept. 17 Battle of Antietam  Bloodiest day in American history  Lee turned back

15.  Emancipation Proclamation  Oct. 8 Battle of Perryville  Dec. 13 Battle of Fredericksburg  Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River

16.  May 1-4 Battle of Chancellorsville  Jackson mortally wounded  May 18 Vicksburg under siege  Lee invades the North once again  George Gordon Meade is given command of the Army of the Potomac

17.  July 1 Lee wins the first day, but fails to take critical high ground on Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill  July 2 Culp’s Hill, Devil’s Den, Little Round Top  July 3 Pickett’s Charge

19.  Lee retreats from Gettysburg  Grant takes Vicksburg  Tide of the war has turned

20.  Sept. 19-20 Battle of Chickamauga  Oct. 1-Nov. 25 Siege and battles for Chattanooga  Grant promoted to head of all Union armies

21.  May 5-6 Battle of the Wilderness  May 9-18 Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse  June 3 Battle of Cold Harbor  June- April 1865 Siege ofPetersburg

22.  William Sherman  May 13-15 Resaca  May 25-26 New Hope Church  June 27 Kennesaw Mountain  Hood replaced Johnston  July 20 Peachtree Creek  July 22 Atlanta  Sept. 2 City taken by Sherman

23.  Lincoln won re-election in 1864  Nov. 2 Sherman began march to the sea  Nov. 30 Battle of Franklin  Dec. 15-16 Battle of Nashville  Army of Tennessee virtually destroyed

24.  April 1 Battle of Five Forks  Lee abandoned Petersburg  Davis fled Richmond  Army of Northern Virginia pursued to Appomattox Courthouse  Lee surrendered to Grant April 9  April 14 Lincoln assassinated by John Wilks Booth

25.  Union  140,141 Killed in Action  224,586 Died of Disease and other causes  275,200 Wounded  Confederate  72,524 Killed in Action  187,476 Died of Disease and other causes  137,000 Wounded