1. Chapter Four The Politics of Elections and Parties

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-2 Voting Obstacles to Voting Democratization of the Ballot

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-3 Electoral Politics Primaries Elections Administering Elections

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-4 Figure 4.1: Sample Portion of Election Ballot for Harris County, Texas, 2002

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-5 Party Structure Temporary Party Organization Precinct Conventions County and District Conventions State Conventions Texas ’ s Presidential Primary-Caucus Convention

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-6 Figure 4.2: Texas Political Party Organization

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-7 Party Structure Selection of National Convention Delegates Permanent Party Organization

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-8 Political Democracy Ideology An Overview of Texas Political History Electoral Trends Third Parties

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-9 Table 4.1: Growth of Republican Party Officeholders

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-10 Racial/Ethnic Politics Latinos African Americans

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-11 Women in Politics Number of women elected to office in Texas is increasing

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-12 Political Campaigns Conducting Campaigns in the Twenty-First Century Campaign Reform Campaign Finance

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4-13 Selected Reading “AWOL: The Texas Democrats Insist They’ve Still Got Some Fight Left in Them. So Why Are They Disserting the Battlefield?” by Evan Smith