1. Zambia Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Facts and Figures
Pricila Mabande,
(Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre (SIRDC))

2. Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source!
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Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source!
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The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.

3. Contents
Introduction
Water and Sanitation Sector Overview
3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework
Key Public Players in the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector

4. Zambia Country Profile
Introduction
Zambia Country Profile
Zambia is a land-locked sub- saharan African country
It shares boundaries with 8 countries
It has a total land area of 752,612 km2
It has a population of about million people
The country is divided into ten provinces and 84 districts.

5. Zambia Water and Sanitation country profile
Introduction
Zambia Water and Sanitation country profile
Zambia’s water and sanitation needs are primarily addressed through the government of Zambia:
National Water and Sanitation Council (NWASCO)
Devolution Trust Fund (DTF)
In 2008 the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) had the following statistics for Zambia against the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) number 7, target c:
60 percent of the total population is using improved water sources,
49 per cent of the total population has access to improved sanitation facilities.

6. Water and Sanitation Sector Overview
Urban and rural access coverage for improved water supply and sanitation (WSS) has increased overally since 1990,
Zambia has made important advances in regulatory and institutional reform,
There is need for continued implementation of national policies and expanded financing and cost recovery strategies,
Increased institutional capacity of Water Supply and Sanitation service providers, and improved financial management, will allow increases in efficiency, expanded coverage and better financial viability.

7. 3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework
In the early 1990s the adoption of a National Water Policy in 1994 and the Water Supply and Sanitation Act in 1997.
Considerable focus was placed on devolving the authority to provide WSS service from the central government to local authorities.
Local authorities in urban areas created 50 commercial utilities (CUs), some of which have since merged.
National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO) an independent regulator for water and sanitation was established in 1997.

8. 4. Key Public Players Ministry of Energy and Water Development (MEWD)
Water resources management
Administers water rights
Some financial management of WSS sector
Ministry of Legal Government and Housing (MLGH)
Administrative and financial management of WSS services

9. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
Department of Infrastructure and Support Services (DISS) Water resources management
Technical support to WSS service providers
Overseas development and rehabilitation of WSS infrastructure
National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO)
Independent WSS service regulation
Commercial Utilities (CUs)

10. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
District Water, Sanitation and Health Education Committees (D-WASHE)
Promoting sustainability of service through local control and oversight of WSS service which may be provided by local WASH committees or CUs
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Unit (RWSSU
Works to strengthen the institutional support of rural WSS service providers

11. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
African Development Bank (AfDB)
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) service delivery projects in the central province
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)
Urban and peri-urban WSS Service delivery for low-cost housing areas
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
Leads donor coordination in WSS group

12. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
KfW (German Development Bank)
Support to NWASCO and the DTF
Urban WSS service delivery
Rural WSS (RWSS) in the Southern Province
Irish Aid
Urban WSS service in the Northern Province
Support to RWSS utilities and the DTF
Prioritization and planning in WSS sector

13. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Peri-urban water supply service delivery through community-based schemes
Groundwater development via borehole drilling
Linkages with public health
Netherlands Development Corporation
Peri-urban and rural WSS capacity building
Institutional strengthening through hygiene education at catchment level and targeting gender issues

14. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
The World Bank
Legislative, regulatory and institutional reform related to decentralization
Water resource management in Kafue Basin
Support to Zambia Social Investment Fund (ZamSIF)
Water and Sanitation Program, Africa
Sanitation marketing and community-based water and sanitation delivery schemes in poor urban areas
Support to MLGH in development of MDG roadmaps, prioritization and planning

15. In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
RWSS service in drought & refugee affected areas
Financing District WASHE activities for improved hygiene in schools

16. “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”
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