1. Simulation of Interactions of Radiation with Biological Systems at the Cellular and DNA Level Based on Sponsored by Activity of

2.  The concept of “dose” fails at cellular and DNA scales  It is desirable to gain an understanding to the processes at all levels (macroscopic vs. microscopic+cybernetic)  Quantitative knowledge and strict user requirements scientifically satisfying; may be used as feedback to experimentalists  Potential later connection to other than radiation-induced effects at the cellular and DNA level  Relevance for space: astronaut and airline pilot radiation hazards, biological experiments. Applications in radiotherapy, radiobiology,... Relevance

3. Solar flare electrons, protons, and heavy ions Jovian electrons Solar flare neutrons and  -rays Solar X-rays Galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays Induced emission (Neutrinos) Trapped particles Anomalous cosmic rays

4. Relevance for space: astronaut and aircrew radiation hazards

5. Programme description  -based “sister” activity to the Geant4 Low-E e.m. Working Group. Follows rigorous software standards  ESA-sponsored + INFN official activity  Simulation of nano-scale effects of radiation at the DNA level  Multiple approaches (RBE parameterisation, detailed biochemical processes, etc.) can be implemented with Geant4  Various scientific domains involved: medical, biology, genetics, software engineering, high and low energy physics, space physics