1. Triumph of Parliament in England Age of Absolutism 1WH.C6.PO2

2. James I “Kings are called gods because the sit upon God’s throne on Earth” » James I This attitude set James on a collision course with parliament. Unlike France’s Estates General – England’s parliament asserted itself against royal power 2WH.C6.PO2

3. The Tudors Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485 to 1603 Believed in their divine right but recognized the importance of parliament. Parliament and Henry VII: – Passed Act of Supremacy – Routinely gave new taxes for wars 3WH.C6.PO2

4. Elizabeth I Consulted and controlled Parliament Forbade discussion of her love life “Good Queen Bess” was a popular ruler Ruled for 45 years Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn 4WH.C6.PO2

5. The Stuarts Elizabeth I died without an heir in 1603 – Throne passed to her relatives the ruling family of Scotland They were not as skillful at dealing with parliament as the Tudors Century of Revolution followed 5WH.C6.PO2

6. Royal Challenge James I promise to uphold English laws and customs but insisted upon his Divine Right – Parliament disagreed! Insisted upon his lavish lifestyle and the money to maintain it. – Parliament often refused James dissolved Parliament and collected the taxes on his own. WH.C6.PO26 James I

7. Purify the Church Puritans wanted to “purify” the church of all Catholic rituals Preferred simpler services and more democratic structure for the church. James rejected their ideas James I commissioned a new version of the Bible: – KING JAMES VERSION WH.C6.PO27

8. Parliament Responds 1625, Charles I inherited the throne. – Behaved like an absolute monarch – Imprisoned political rivals without trial – Squeezed the nation for money Parliament forces Charles I to sign the Petition of Right: – Prohibited King from raising taxes without Parliament – Prohibited King from imprisoning people without just cause. WH.C6.PO28

9. Parliament Responds Charles signs Petition of Right but then dissolved parliament. Calvinist Scots revolt over the Common book of Prayer – Charles forced to ask Parliament for tax money WH.C6.PO29

10. Long Parliament Parliament met from 1640 to 1653 – Executed King’s advisors – Parliament could not be dissolved without its consent Charles sent troops into the House of Commons to arrest leaders – Escape to the battlefield. WH.C6.PO210

11. English Civil War Lasted from 1642 to 1649 English Civil War posed a major challenge to absolutism. Forces of Revolution triumphed in England. WH.C6.PO211

12. Cavaliers Supporters of Charles I – Wealthy nobles – Plumed hats – Fashionably long hair Well trained in dueling and warfare Favored to win. WH.C6.PO212

13. Roundheads Backers of parliament leader Oliver Cromwell – Country gentry – Town-dwelling manufacturers – Clergy Cromwell was a skilled general – Organized the “New Model Army” Defeated the Cavaliers 1647 – Captured the King WH.C6.PO213

14. Execution of a King Parliament set up court to try the King Condemned him to death as “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy” Sent shockwaves across Europe – First time monarch had been tried and executed by his on people In England, no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law WH.C6.PO214

15. The Commonwealth After the execution, Parliament: – Abolished the House of Lords – Declared England a Republic – Commonwealth Under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell WH.C6.PO215 Oliver Cromwell

16. Lord Protector Cromwell took the title of Lord Protector – Rule through the army Fought back attacks from Charles II – heir to the throne. Crushed Catholic majority in Ireland. WH.C6.PO216

17. Puritan Society Set aside Sunday for religious observance 14+ “profaning the Lord’s day” could be fined Closed theaters – Discouraged dancing, taverns and gambling Encouraged education of the masses – boys, girls WH.C6.PO217

18. Puritan Society Marriage: – Pushed for changed to ensure fidelity – Marriages based on love not just business Women considered subordinate to men – Some denominations allowed women to preach WH.C6.PO218

19. Religious Freedom Cromwell would not accept open worship by Catholics Believed in religious freedom for other protestant groups Allowed Jews to return to England after 300 year exile. WH.C6.PO219

20. Glorious Revolution Cromwell dies in 1658 and Puritans lost grip on England Charles II returns to the throne – Restores Church of England, allowing other Protestant denominations – Reopens theaters and taverns Secretly had Catholic beliefs WH.C6.PO220 Charles II

21. Glorious Revolution James II inherits throne but flaunts his Catholic faith. – Suspended laws – Appointed Catholics to high office Parliament invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to become rulers of England James II fled to France This bloodless overthrow is known as the Glorious Revolution. WH.C6.PO221

22. English Bill of Rights Parliament forced them to sign English Bill of Rights before acquiring the throne. Established Parliament as superior to the Monarch House of Commons had power of the purse Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting upon the throne of England. WH.C6.PO222

23. English Bill of Rights Traditional rights: – Abolished excessive fines – Barred cruel and unusual punishment – Affirmed habeas corpus Can’t be held without being told of charges – Granted limited religious freedoms WH.C6.PO223

24. Limited Monarchy Glorious Revolution did not establish democracy Established a limited monarchy – Legislature limited monarch’s power – English rulers had to obey the law WH.C6.PO224

25. Questions To Ponder Describe the results of the English Civil War. How did the Glorious Revolution limit royal power in England. Write paragraph: Which aspects of Commonwealth society are part of American society today? WH.C6.PO225