1. INFLUENCES ON CAREER DECISION-MAKING MODELS
Chapter 15
INFLUENCES ON CAREER DECISION-MAKING MODELS
Cognitive Information
Processing Theory
(Prescriptive)
Research on learning
Research on decision- making
Cognitive science
developmental approach
Spiritual approach
(Descriptive)
Religion
Philosophy
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2. INDIVIDUALISTIC APPROACH TO
DECISION-MAKING
Personal reality – My sense of what is right for me
Common reality – My sense of what is right for you and others
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3. SUMMARY OF THE INDIVIDUALISTIC APPROACH
Growth of decision-making skills
Client-centered
Deal with seemingly unrelated issues
Humanistic and subjective
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4. SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVES ON CAREER-DECISION MAKING
Religious perspectives
Bloch and Richmond’s seven spiritual concepts
Miller-Tiedeman’s Lifecareer Foundation
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5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLER-TIEDEMAN’S LIFECAREER THEORY
Each individual is his or her own theory maker
Deep respect for the individual and the individual’s Life Process Theory
Trust inner wisdom
Flow with, rather than fight your career development
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6. BLOCH AND RICHMOND’S SEVEN THEMES REFLECTING A SPIRITUAL APPROACH TO CAREER DECISION-MAKING
Change – Internal or external Balance – Work, play, relationships Energy – Work, play, relationships, self Community – Companionship, culture, cosmic Calling – One’s ideal work Harmony – From work, meditation, stillness Unity – Connectedness with self, others, community, culture, universe
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7. MILLER-TIEDEMAN’S APPROACH TO CAREER COUNSELING
Clients have a career – Their life
Clients are the best judge of what works for them
Learn through assessing experience
Tests and inventories should not interfere with career exploration
Help clients set intentions without placing time restrictions on them
Be enthusiastic about change
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8. HANSEN’S SIX TASKS IN AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER PLANNING
1. Finding work that needs doing in a changing global context.
2. Weaving our lives into a meaningful whole.
3. Connecting family and work.
4. Valuing pluralism and individuality.
5. Managing personal transitions and organizational change
6. Exploring spirituality and life purpose.
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9. ASSUMPTIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF
COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY TO
CAREER DECISION-MAKING COUNSELING
Both affect and cognitive processing are important
To make career decisions individuals need information about self, world of work, and the thought process
Information about self and work are continually changing
By improving one’s information processing capabilities, problem-solving abilities are improved
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10. PYRAMID OF INFORMATION PROCESSING DOMAINS IN CAREER DECISION-MAKING
Executive
Processing
Domain
Meta-
Cognitions
Generic
Information
Processing Skills
(CASVE)
Decision-Making
Skills Domain
Self
Knowledge
Occupational
Knowledge
Knowledge
Domain
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11. WHAT’S INVOLVED IN CAREER CHOICE
Thinking
About My
Decision Making
Knowing
How I Make
Decisions
Knowing
About
Myself
Knowing
About My
Options
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12. CASVE SKILLS IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY
Communication – Identifying a problem, input from self
Analysis – Interrelating problem components – self and occupations
Synthesis – Creating likely alternatives
Valuing – Prioritizing alternatives
Execution – Forming means - ends strategies
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13. Self-awareness – Knowing what we are doing and why
THE EXECUTIVE PROCESSING DOMAIN IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY
Self-talk – Expectations of ourselves
Self-awareness – Knowing what we are doing and why
Monitoring and – Monitoring the CASVE Control process
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14. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Chapter 16
CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Outline (Basic concepts)
Strengths and Weaknesses
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15. LAPAN AND TURNER – AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY
A contextually responsive career-counseling system
1. Help clients develop self-efficacy beliefs to deal with barriers that affect outcome expectations and career goals (Chapter 14)
2. Develop vocational identity (Chapter 8)
3. Develop work-readiness skills
4. Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise (Chapter 7) and trait and factor theory (Chapter 2) help students develop an understanding of themselves and work
5. Crystallize valued vocational interests, Super (Chapters 7 and 8)
6. Help students to achieve academically and to value lifelong learning. (Chapter 9)
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16. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Childhood Developmental
Super Gottfredson
Adolescence Developmental Trait and Factor Other
Marcia Holland Constructivist
Super Work Adjustment Social learning
Social cognitive
Spiritual
Cognitive information processing
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17. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR ADULTHOOD
Developmental Trait and Factor Other
Super Holland Constructivist
Myers-Briggs Social learning
Work Adjustment Social cognitive
Spiritual
Cognitive information processing
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18. COMBINING THEORIES
Types of theories and how well they can be combined with similar theories or different types of theories.
Trait and
Factor
Decision-
making
Developmental
Decision-making
Developmental
Trait and factor
poor
good
good
good
possible
good
good
good
good
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19. NON COUNSELING APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES
Screening methods – Super, Holland, Myers-Briggs
Paper and pencil methods – Holland
Computer assisted guidance systems – Trait and factor, Holland
Internet – Career information, career counseling organizations,
education, occupations, job postings
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20. USING THEORIES IN GROUP CAREER COUNSELING
Widely used Possible to be used
Holland Constructivist Krumboltz’s Spiritual approaches Social learning Cognitive information processing Myers-Briggs Gottfredson Hopson and Adams Social cognitive Super Trait and factor Work adjustment
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21. THEORIES APPLIED TO PLACEMENT AND OUTPLACEMENT COUNSELING
Holland or – Use types to assess networking and Myers-Briggs – job search style
Hopson and Adams – Respond to career crises
Super – Determine values of various roles
– View job search strategies differently depending on life stages
Cognitive – Execution stage of the CASVE cycle Information
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22. OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Holland’s six types
Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT)
Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC)
Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE)
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23. Super’s life span theory (women and culturally diverse populations)
THEORIES MOST CONCERNED WITH ISSUES
RELATED TO WOMEN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Social cognitive career theory (women and culturally diverse populations)
Gottfredson (women)
Super’s life span theory (women and culturally diverse populations)
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