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Chapter 4 Lesson 3 – Social Darwinism and Social Reform

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1 Chapter 4 Lesson 3 – Social Darwinism and Social Reform
It Matters Because: The industrialization of the United States led to new art and literature and new ideas about government’s role in society. Social Darwinists believed society developed through “survival of the fittest.” Other Americans thought steps needed to be taken to help the less fortunate.

2 Urban Problems – Politics
Mark Twain The Gilded age: “What is the chief end of man? - to get rich. Dishonestly if we can; honestly if we must.” Mark Twain

3 Gilded Age Ideas By calling this era the Gilded Age, Twain was commenting on what he saw as a corrupt society. A gilded age might appear great, but critics pointed to corruption, poverty, crime, and great disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor.

4 Gilded Age Ideas Individualism:
One of the strongest beliefs of the era (that still permeates our culture today!) Many Americans believed that no matter how humble their beginnings, all Americans could rise in society and go as far as talent and hard work would take them. Horatio Alger – Wrote many “dime novels” about “rags to riches” stories. Alger wrote about “luck” and “pluck” (luck and hard work) that was necessary to achieve the AMERICAN DREAM

5 Horatio Alger – Dime Novels

6 Social Darwinism ***(We will Analyze this in class reading)
Social Darwinism: Belief that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them. “Survival of the Fittest” – in business, those with the best or most ruthless practices would succeed over others. Businesses that failed were not “fit” Justified the Efforts of Millionaires Poor people = lazy/not intelligent Rich = smart/industrious/hard working

7 Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer, a British philosopher, developed the theory of Social Darwinism based on a corrupted view of Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection. • Spencer believed society improved because the strongest and most intelligent survived. Social Darwinism’s motto became “survival of the fittest.” • According to Social Darwinism, the most “fit” were white, industrialized societies such as the United States and Great Britain. • In business, the doctrine of laissez-faire economics followed similar lines. This belief opposed government interference with business.

8 Gospel Of Wealth *** (We will analyze this in class reading)
Industrialist Andrew Carnegie developed a theory called the Gospel of Wealth. Carnegie was able to follow ideas of Social Darwinism but live according to Christian virtues and principles. This led to him advocating for PHILANTHROPY He believed wealthy Americans should create conditions that would allow the poor to help themselves.

9 Rebirth of Reform Many people rejected the ideas of individualism and social darwinism to address society’s problems Naturalism in Literature Criticism of industrial society emerged in literature Naturalists rejected Social Darwinism – They believed that some people failed in life because of poor circumstances Popular authors Jack London – The Call of the Wild Stephen Crane – Maggie, A girl of the Streets Challenging Social Darwinism

10 Helping the Urban Poor Social Gospel : Settlement House Movement
The Social Gospel Movement & Urban reform movements Social Gospel : Reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles of charity and justice. (Walter Rauschenbusch: Baptist Minister) “The Church…must demand protection for the moral safety of the people.” Inspired many churches to build gyms, provide social programs, and help the poor Settlement House Movement Community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban, immigrant poor. English classes; kindergartens; recreational programs Jane Adams: Hull House in Chicago (13 Buildings)

11 A changing culture Realism Popular Culture The arts began to move away from romanticism and reflect the realism of daily life. American writers such as Mark Twain redefined literature into a form of populism. As industrial workers had more income, a new "going out" culture developed with saloons, restaurants, and public entertainment. Organized sports, such as baseball, took the nation by storm.

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