1. CELL: Structure & Function

2. Objectives: – Explain why a cell is like a tiny factory. – List, label, and describe the functions of the parts of a typical eukaryotic animal cell. – Explain how a cell conducts all the processes of living things, just on a smaller scale.

3. What You Need To Run A Factory building supports/ internal framework control center blueprints power plant raw materials machines/ workers assembly line packing centers packing/ boxes trucks/ shipping vehicles waste disposal

4. Cell: A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

5. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures 1-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

6. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

7. Cell/Plasma Membrane “Building” Outer membrane of cell that controls nutrient and waster material movement in and out of the cell Double layer of lipid & protein separating cell from its environments All cells have one http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

8. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

9. Nucleus “control center” Controls the cell’s actions Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA). Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane Has a dense region called the nucleolus where ribosomes are formed. © Glencoe Biology 2007

10. Chromatin “blueprints” Located in the nucleus Composed of nucleic acids (DNA) Condenses into chromosomes during cell division Contain instructions for traits & characteristics Chromosomes during early cell division – 10,000x

11. Cytoskeleton “supports & internal framework” A network of protein fibers (microfilaments) and tubes (microtubules) extending throughout the cell. – Provides a framework for the cell. – Helps transport materials. – Anchors the organelles. – Functions in cell movement © Glencoe Biology 2007

12. Organelles that manufacture proteins Composed of RNA and protein Not bound by a membrane. Some float free in the cytoplasm while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes- “machines/ workers” Electron Micrograph of ribosomes. The ribosomes operate in chains when translating a mRNA. Copyright © Daniel Kunkel http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

13. Golgi Apparatus “packing plant” A series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that sorts, modifies, packages, and distributes molecules into sacs called vesicles. © Glencoe Biology 2007 http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Lysosomes “waste disposal” Special vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes that can break down large molecules and old organelles. Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes © Glencoe Biology 2007 http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

15. The Discovery of the Cell -1665: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork, a plant material. -Cork looked like thousands of tiny, empty chambers…“cells” Idea: The cell is the basic unit of life basic

16. The Discovery of the Cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek: used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things. The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms.

17. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells Cells are the smallest working units of all living things All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division

18. Structure of the Plasma Membrane Composed of a phospholipid bilayer © Glencoe Biology 2007

19. Fluid Mosaic Model © Glencoe Biology 2007

20. Diffusion The movement of molecules from a area in which they are highly concentrated to a area in which they are less concentrated.

21. See an animation of diffusion here: http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewisho me/applets/Diffusion/diffusion.html

22. Osmosis The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. http://www.usd.edu/~bgoodman/Osmos.htm

24. See an animation of osmosis here: http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewisho me/applets/Osmosis/osmosis.html

25. Why are osmosis & diffusion important? Homeostasis These include exchanging gases (usually CO2 and O2), taking in water, minerals, and food, and eliminating wastes. These tasks happen at the cellular level-diffusion

26. - Channel proteins -Diff. in concentration + # of specific carrier proteins = rate -No energy requirement

27. Extra Credit: ACTIVE TRANSPORT -transport proteins acting as pumps for small molecules -endocytosis -phagocytosis -pinocytosis -exocytosis