1. Tree Removal Methods Manual, Mechanized, and Chemical

3. Manual Felling Not always practical if large numbers of trees must be removed Can damage residual trees Brushsaw for small stems, brushChainsaw

4. Tree Girdling Double girdle 1 in. deep spaced ~ 6 in. apart Later winter, early spring during sap rise Diffuse porous species are poor candidates unless herbicide is used

5. Mechanized Felling Mechanized removal –Tracked feller buncher Rotating cab with hinged arm Steep, uneven terrain –Hydrostatic feller buncher Easily maneuverable Plantations –3-wheeled feller buncher Lightweight Flat terrain

6. Mechanized Removal Brush Hog –Small trees and brush

7. Herbicides Why herbicide? –Effective kill of whole plant with no resprout potential Uses –Precommerical thinning –Release treatments –Improvement cutting –Site preparation –Control of invasive species –Right-of-way maintenance

8. Herbicide Application Methods Cut surface treatments –Frill girdle (Hack and squirt) –Stem injection –Cut stump Bark, foliage, and soil treatments –Foliar spray –Basal bark application –Basal soil spray

9. Herbicide Types Amine formulations (water-based) –Water used as “carrier” –Foliar spray, cut surface Herbicide label will specify mixture for given application and target species –Common chemicals: Glyphosate: Roundup, Accord Triclopyr: Garlon 3A Picloram: Tordon K, Pathway Imazapyr: Aresenal 2,4-D

10. Herbicide Types Ester formulations (oil-based) –Basal oil, diesel, or kerosene used as “carrier” –Cut surface, basal bark Herbicide label will specify mixture for given application and target species –Common chemicals: Triclopyr: Garlon 4

11. Cut surface treatments

15. Bark, foliage, and soil treatments

18. Silvicultural Objectives and Chemical Control Methods