1. Coral Ardisia Ardisia crenata (Sims) Myrsinaceae

2. Biology Native to Japan and Northern IndiaNative to Japan and Northern India Also known as Christmas berryAlso known as Christmas berry Small, upright shrubSmall, upright shrub

3. Background Economic Uses Used extensively as an ornamental plantUsed extensively as an ornamental plant Desirable species in the landscapeDesirable species in the landscape –Persistent red berries –Glossy foliage Low maintenanceLow maintenance

4. Distribution Found throughout much of north and central FloridaFound throughout much of north and central Florida Commonly found in disturbed areas, but will invade hardwood hammocks and other natural areasCommonly found in disturbed areas, but will invade hardwood hammocks and other natural areas

5. Coral Ardesia Distribution in Florida

6. Impacts Category I invasive species (FLEPPC)Category I invasive species (FLEPPC) –Disrupts natural plant communities Shade out desirable species, especially native seedlings and understory plantsShade out desirable species, especially native seedlings and understory plants Resprouts readily after fire or mechanical removalResprouts readily after fire or mechanical removal Heavy fruit set after 2 years of establishmentHeavy fruit set after 2 years of establishment

7. Identification

8. Mature Plant Small upright shrub, up to 6 feet tallSmall upright shrub, up to 6 feet tall Often grows in large coloniesOften grows in large colonies Shade tolerant, understory speciesShade tolerant, understory species

9. Seedlings Seedlings often found encircling a mature plantSeedlings often found encircling a mature plant Plants will remain in juvenile stage until mature specimen is removedPlants will remain in juvenile stage until mature specimen is removed

10. Leaves Alternate arrangement, but tight to the main stemAlternate arrangement, but tight to the main stem Scalloped marginsScalloped margins Dark, thick, glossy greenDark, thick, glossy green

11. Flowers and Fruit Flowering occurs in spring – small white/pink clustersFlowering occurs in spring – small white/pink clusters Fruit are bright red and hang from the plantFruit are bright red and hang from the plant Persist on the plants for several monthsPersist on the plants for several months

12. Fruit and Seed Fruit readily consumed by wildlife - birdsFruit readily consumed by wildlife - birds Seed viability is very high and germinate in a wide range of soil conditionsSeed viability is very high and germinate in a wide range of soil conditions

13. Management PreventativeCulturalMechanicalBiologicalChemical

14. Preventative 1.Limit planting as an ornamental 2.Remove existing plants, including resprouts and before seeds are produced 3.Rouge out plants in abandoned areas

15. Cultural 1.Alternative landscape plants to replace coral ardisia 2.Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with ardisia and proper identification 3.Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce seedling establishment

16. Biological 1.There are no known biological control agents available for coral ardisia management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.

17. Mechanical 1.Hand pull young seedlings, including all roots, repeated pulling for resprouts 2.Mowing or clipping/chopping is effective, but must be repeated due to resprouting from rootstocks. However, mowing may not be practical in many areas.

18. Chemical - Foliar 1.Over-the-top applications for seedlings and large plants 2.Thoroughly wet leaves with herbicide Glyphosate – 2-3% solution plus surfactant at 0.25% to increase herbicide penetration of the waxy leaves Glyphosate – 2-3% solution plus surfactant at 0.25% to increase herbicide penetration of the waxy leaves 2,4-D – 2-3% solution is also effective, but only on seedlings or resprouts 2,4-D – 2-3% solution is also effective, but only on seedlings or resprouts

19. Chemical - Foliar 1.Over-the-top applications for seedlings and large plants 2.Use 18% triclopyr solution with basal oil or 10% diesel fuel

21. Useful Links Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.htmlhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

22. Useful Links Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.orghttp://www.invasive.org

23. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non- Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp