1. Tundra Max Gullberg

2. The Climate Annual Rainfall- about 10-70 mm Average Temperature- -28-5 °C. Only two seasons, a short, cool summer and a long freezing winter. Annual Rainfall- about 10-70 mm Average Temperature- -28-5 °C. Only two seasons, a short, cool summer and a long freezing winter.

3. Abiotic Factors The tundra is characterized by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen subsoil. During the cool summer, the ground thaws and becomes wet and soggy. In the winter, the topsoil freezes again. Cool temperatures, high winds, short growing season, humus-poor soils.

4. Dominant Plants Ground-hugging plants such as mosses, lichens, sedges, and short grasses

5. Dominant Animals Migratory waterfowl, shore birds, musk ox, Arctic foxes, caribou, lemmings, and other small rodents.

6. Geographical Distribution Latitude- 75° N to 60° N. Altitude- high altitudes, many plants can’t grow because of it. Continents- North America, Europe, Asia. Ocean Proximity- Arctic Ocean. Latitude- 75° N to 60° N. Altitude- high altitudes, many plants can’t grow because of it. Continents- North America, Europe, Asia. Ocean Proximity- Arctic Ocean.

7. Human Impact Many oil pipelines Oil spills, harms or kills plants and animals. Forest harvesting Ice caps are melting from pollution. Animals are endangered, such as polar bears. Many oil pipelines Oil spills, harms or kills plants and animals. Forest harvesting Ice caps are melting from pollution. Animals are endangered, such as polar bears.

8. Sources Prentice Hall Biology book. Blueplanetbiomes.org Geographyalltheway.com Prentice Hall Biology book. Blueplanetbiomes.org Geographyalltheway.com