2. Geography Chapter 11 & 12

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4. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

5. 1 11-1.1

6. Russia is the largest country in the world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.

7. Landforms: Plains; North European, West Siberian: Mountains Caucasus, Urals: Plateaus Central Siberian.

8. Coastlines Pacific. Caspian Blacks Artic Baltic.

9. Population majority lives in west.

10. The Ural Mountains separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain.

11. Russia has few ports because ice- blocked coastline.

12. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the Caucasus Mountains.

13. Steppes are very large plains, mostly used for agriculture and grazing.

14. The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ethnic group.

15. The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan isolated from other countries.

16. 11-1.2

17. High latitudes and arctic winds give northern Russia have such a cold climate.

18. Tundra is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions.

19. Permafrost ground that is always frozen, makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals.

20. Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the permafrost prevents their roots from pushing deep.

21. Scientists think climate change might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw.

22. 11-1.3 ** ***

23. Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.

24. Russian Mineral Resources Iron, Aluminum, Gold.

25. Other Russian Recourses Fish, Forest Products.

26. Taiga is a forested area south of the tundra.

27. Russia's hydroelectric plants use water power to generate electricity.

28. Peat is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel.

30. Geography Independent Practice Write answers in complete sentences. If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

31. 1) 11-1.1 As you read 310-311 describe the physical geography of Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Landforms B. Bodies of Water C. Population

32. 2) 11-1.2 As you read 312-313 give a summary of about the extreme climates in Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Temperature B. Latitudes D. Moisture Levels

33. 3) 11-1.3 As you read 314-315 give details about Russia’s resources: Write answers in complete sentences. A. Energy B. Mineral C. Other.

35. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

36. 2 11-1.4

37. Scientists are concerned about the possible release of methane into the atmosphere from Siberia,

38. it can contribute to global warming, a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes.

39. Dry best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. Livestock grazing is the best economic activity. Islam is the main religion of Central Asia.

40. 11-1.5

41. The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960.

42. Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

43. Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

44. 11-2.1

45. Cimmerians; around 1200BC earliest settlers in region.

46. Slavs were the ethnic group built towns in early Western Russia Ukraine River.

47. Varangian Russes Vikings founded Kiev.

48. Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the Silk Roads.

49. Genghis Khan began Mongol rule.

50. The Mongols destroyed the city of Kiev.

51. Russians called their monarch czar.

52. Moscow gained power as Mongol rule weakened.

53. Most people in Russia live in Europe.

55. 1) 11-1.4 As you read 316-317 give details on the effects on Russia of Global Warming; Write answers in complete sentences. A. B. C. D.

56. 2) 11-1.5 As you read 318-319 compare and contrast Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Kazakhstan B. Uzbekistan

57. 3) 11-2.1 As you read 320-321 list details and dates of the early history of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences. A. People B. Date C. Contribution

59. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

60. 3 11-2.2

61. Peter the Great travel to Western Europe tried to make Russia more Western.

62. Catherine the Great promoted European ideas and modernization.

63. European Influences Christianity became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s.European economy, military architecture education.

64. Asian influences Mongol, Islam.

65. Eurasian mixer of western and Eastern ethnic group’s languages and religions.

66. 11-2.3

67. Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia that helped defeat Napoleon.

68. The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when Napoleon invaded.

69. Germany repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II.

70. 11-2.4

71. Ivan the Terrible tied peasants to the land (serfs).

72. Czar Alexander II free the serfs to work in industry.

73. Bolsheviks were a political group that began the Russian Revolution.

74. Because of the Russian Revolution the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed.

75. The best description of communism is one political party controls the government and economy.

77. 1) 11-2.2As you read 322-323 give details of the European and Asian influences on Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. A European B. Asian

78. 2) 11-2.3 As you read 324-325 compare and contrast Napoleons and Hitler’s invasion of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences. A. Napoleon B. Hitler

79. 3) 11-2.4 As you read 326-327 summarize serfdom in Russia. Write answers in complete sentences. A. B.

81. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

82. 4 11-2.5

83. Republics came under control of Moscow and the Soviet Union.

84. Josef Stalin ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953.

85. The government decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union.

86. Factories were also run collectively. Collectives are planning the future economic development of the country.

87. The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly.

88. Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the Soviet economy and government.

89. Glasnost was a political reform (encouraged free speech), and perestroika was an economic reform (focused on restructuring)

90. The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pent- up emotions about the economy and government.

91. The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.

92. 12-1.1

93. Siberian nomads move from place to place to find food according to the season, 30 different peoples, live in tundra and taiga.

94. Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture does climate affect. Russian nomads get their food and clothing from the animals they herd (reindeer).

95. Many of the people in Central Asia are livestock herders (sheep, camels, cattle, horses).

96. Many herders now live in rural villages in mud brick homes.

97. Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the steppes.

98. Peasants farmed lived in small villages later worked for landlords and became serfs.

99. Russian peasant farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today.

100. 12-1.2

101. The Trans-Siberian Railroad links East Asia to Europe for trade this helps the world economy.

102. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)

103. Permafrost and mountains made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so difficult (25 years to build). Construction began in 1891, completed in 1916.

104. Thousands of peasants, convicts and soldiers built the Trans-Siberian Railroad

105. The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,

106. Two changes the Trans-Siberian Railroad brought to Siberia were many people moved to Siberia;

107. new towns and cities grew; the area became more industrialized; its raw materials were mined.

108. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)

109. Served as a lifeline during WWII

110. The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,

111. Today electric trains replaced steam.

112. The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,

114. 1) 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 give three details of the Soviet Union’s rise and fall; Write answers in complete sentences. A. Stalin B. Cold War C. Gorbachev

115. 2) 12-1.1 As you read 334-335 describe the climate and cultures of Russia. Write answers in complete sentences. A. D. B. E. C. F.

116. 3) 12-1.2 As you read 336-337 show the sequence that led to the Trans- Siberian Railroad. Write answers in complete sentences. A. D. B. E. C. F.

118. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

119. 5 12-1.3

120. Peter the Great build St. Petersburg a Port on the Baltic Sea and used for trade between Russia and Europe.

121. St. Petersburg is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music.

122. In 2003, Vladimir Putin want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy.

123. Vladimir Putin’s goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did.

124. 12-2.1

125. The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was economic problems and shortages

126. One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).

127. Gorbachev's new policy of openness result in protests for freedom.

128. The Soviet Communist attempted a coup against Gorbachev.

129. The fall of the Berlin Wall made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe.

130. Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.

131. One cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was the separate republics wanted independence.

132. After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries.

133. Economic problems: large gap between rich and poor; increased corruption and organized crime,

134. unemployment; ethnic groups still want independence still exist in Russia years after the Soviet Union’s collapse.

135. Chechnya wants to gain independence from Russia.

136. 12-2.2

137. Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a federal system.

138. The Russian Government has 3 branches of government (executive legislative and judicial).

139. Everyone 18 and older can vote in Russia

140. President and State Duma (lower house of legislator) leaders are elected today in Russia, Central government more power than local.

141. The president (heads executive branch in power 6 years) and appoints prime minister hold most of the power in Russia today.

142. The U.S. Congress is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly.

144. 1) 12-1.3 As you read 338-339 site details about St Petersburg. Write answers in complete sentences. A. B. C. D.

145. 2) 12-2.1 As you read 340-341 list causes and effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Write answers in complete sentences. A. D. B. E. C. F.

146. 12-2.2 As you read 342-343 compare and contrast the United States and Russian Governments.

147. Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way out of the room.

148. 6 12-2.3

149. Russia is the largest oil and natural gas exporter in the world, Russia’s greatest sources of wealth

150. Most of Russia’s oil come from western Siberia.

151. Oil and gas are also found in the area near the Caspian Sea.

152. Russia exports natural gas and oil through pipelines.

153. 12-2.4

154. A nuclear reactor exploded at Chernobyl.

155. Radioactive fallout from Chernobyl still affect the area, because radioactive materials take so long to disappear.

156. After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to Belarus.

157. The long-term effects of the Chernobyl disaster and the environment was damaged, and its effects will be felt for years to come;

158. plants in forests and farms were damaged; animals were harmed; people died; clean-up people are still sick;

159. rivers and lakes were contaminated for animals and fish; almost one-quarter of the area’s land is still contaminated with radiation.

160. France learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl.

161. 1) 12-2.3 As you read 344-345 site details about Russia oil and natural gas. Write answers in complete sentences. A. B. C. D.

162. 2) 12-2.4 As you read 346-347 site details of problems and solutions from the Chernobyl disaster. Write answers in complete sentences. A. B. C. D.

166. MCPSS Causey Website Intellectual Classroom Assignments Kohutek Teachers Sections Power Point Presentation 7 th Grade Civics Chapter

167. Geography Review Copy questions and underline answers.

168. 1

169. ___________________ are very large plains. 311

170. The _____________________ divide European Russia from Asian Russia. 311

171. The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep ___________________ and __________________ isolated from other countries. 311

172. The ______________________ separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain. 311

173. ____________________ is the largest country in the world. 311

174. Scientists think ______________________ might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw. 312

175. _____________________ is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel. 314

176. ______________________ makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals. 312

177. ____________________ is a forested area south of the tundra. 313

178. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the ________________________. 311

179. The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ____________________. 311

180. The ___________________ are mostly used for agriculture and grazing. 311

181. _________________ is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions. 312

182. ___________________ ground that is always frozen. 312

183. Russia has few ports because ________________ coastline. 311

184. ___________________ and ________________ give northern Russia have such a cold climate. 312

185. Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the __________________ prevents their roots from pushing deep. 312

186. Russia's _______________________ plants use water power to generate electricity. 314

187. 2

188. _________________ caused the Aral Sea to shrink. 318

189. Moscow gained power as _________________ rule weakened. 321

190. The ______________ destroyed the city of Kiev. 320

191. The ___________________ has shrunk greatly because of water loss from irrigation. 318

192. Russians called their monarch ______________. 321

193. Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the ____________________. 320

194. Livestock grazing is the best economic activity suited to the arid regions of ______________________. 318

195. The ___________________ has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960. 320

196. Most people in Russia live in _______________. 322

197. _________________ were the ethnic group built towns in early Russia. 320

198. Scientists are concerned about the possible release of _______________ into the atmosphere from Siberia because It can contribute to global warming. 317

199. ___________________ is the main religion of Central Asia. 321

200. __________ best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. 318

201. ___________________ is a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes. 319

202. 3

203. The best description of __________________ is one political party controls the government and economy. 328

204. Because of the _______________________ the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed. 326

205. A __________________ government was established after the Russian Revolution. 326

206. _____________________ ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. 328

207. The _____________________ was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly. 328

208. The _______________________ decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union. 328

209. Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia helped defeat _________________. 324

210. _____________________ became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322

211. ____________________ free the serfs to work in industry. 326

212. ___________________ repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II. 325

213. The _________________ were a political group that began the Russian Revolution. 326

214. __________________ tried to make Russia more Western. 322

215. The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when _______________ invaded. 325

216. 4

217. ___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329 The Soviet Union collapse in _________________. 329 __________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329 The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government. 329 Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334 Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334 Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders. 334 Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334 Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season. 334 Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today. 334 ______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so difficult. 336 The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336 It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. 336 _________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336 Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336 Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks. 336 The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the world economy. 336

218. 5

219. _______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music. 338 Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe. 338 In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy. 338 The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and _________________. 340 _________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991. 340 _______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340 One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy. 340 __________________ wants to gain independence from Russia. 341 The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341 After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries. 341 One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted independence. 341 __________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia. 342 The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342 The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342 Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342 Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________. 342 The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342

220. 6

221. Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344 Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________. 344 ________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth. 344 Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so valuable. 344 Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other countries by pipelines. 344 __________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl. 347 A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347 _____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area, because it takes so long to disappear. 347 After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to _________________________. 347