1. How organisms obtain their energy
Cellular Energy
How organisms obtain their energy

2. Transformation of energy
What is energy?
The ability to do work
Thermodynamics
The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

3. Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT
Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical
Energy can be changed from one form to another
Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later
Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT

4. Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law Law of Conservation of energy- Energy can not be created or destroyed. It will only be converted from one form to another Example: Stored energy in food in converted to chemical energy when you eat and mechanical energy when you kick a ball

5. Law of thermodynamics Second Law Entropy increases
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy
Energy that is lost is generally converted to thermal (Heat) energy
Entropy is the measure of disorder, or unusable energy, in a system

6. Autotrophs
Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.

7. Autotrophs Autotrophs include organisms that make their own food
Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly
Euglena

8. Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food
Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy

9. ATP – Cellular Energy Adenosine Triphosphate
Contains two, high-energy phosphate bonds
Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar

10. One phosphate bond has been removed
ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate
ATP releases energy, a free phosphate, & ADP when cells take energy from ATP
One phosphate bond has been removed

11. Sugar in ADP & ATP
Called ribose
Pentose sugar
Also found on RNA

12. Importance of ATP
Principal Compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms

13. Releasing Energy From ATP
ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells
ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities
The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy
The process of releasing ATP’s energy & reforming the molecule is called phosphorylation

14. Releasing Energy From ATP
Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP
Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP
Loose
Gain

15. Cells Using Biochemical Energy
Cells Use ATP For:
Active transport
Movement
Photosynthesis
Protein Synthesis
Cellular respiration
All other cellular reactions

16. More on ATP Cells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few Seconds
ATP must constantly be made
ATP Transfers Energy Very Well
ATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage