1. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science Sensor Networks and Platforms for Advancing Water Research Prashant Shenoy University of Massachusetts Amherst

2. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science Motivation Water and environmental monitoring today Often requires periodic field visits for data collection Networking of sensor / instruments infeasible or expensive No infrastructure in remote locations Satellite networks expensive; cellular data networks unavailable “BYON” : bring your own network challenging Challenge: Design low-cost easily-deployable wireless sensor networks for real-time data collection from the field 2

3. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science Technology Trends Low-cost wireless network technologies available WiFi-based networks are the most common example Mesh-based deployment at field site Backhaul via point-to-point long-distance links Directional antennas: Wifi links can stretch to 10s of kilometers! Other wireless radios: Xtend, XE1205 also give long range Energy-efficient sensor platforms available Low-power microcontrollers, high-capacity flash storage Battery-powered with lifetimes of weeks to months Can be solar or wind-powered! 3

4. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science 4 3 Watt Solar Panel 15 dBi antenna (802.11b) External Antenna (XE1205) Weather- Proof Enclosure Sensor Node

5. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science 5 Solar-powered Sensor Platforms Size/Power Capability (processing, sensing, storage) Mote Micro sensor node Brick Macro sensor

6. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science 6 Hydrophone Camera Argonaut (Pressure, Flow, Temperature) Sensors MicroLab - Nutrient sensor

7. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science 7 RiverNet: A River Sensor Network Scalable sensor network that monitor water bodies (e.g. rivers) and watersheds Initial deployment: Fort River, Amherst Ongoing: Harvard Forest stream guages Planned: Blackstone & CT rivers

8. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS, A MHERST Department of Computer Science Summary It is possible to inexpensively network field sensors for water monitoring. Deployments in environments without infrastructure is possible Easily deployable wireless sensor networks Self-configuring: deploy and go Use solar – wind power to enhance batter life of sensor nodes Joint work with Deepak Ganesan, Umass CS 8