1. CHAPTER 3 MOLECULES OF CELLS PROTEINS

2. Ever had a bad hair day?

4. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS 1.Homeostatic: 2.Structural: 3.Hormonal- neural: 4.Enzymatic: 5.Transport: 6.Protection: 7.Contractile: 8.Storage:

5. 1.Homeostatic: proteins acts as buffers in body fluids are they water soluble? 2.Structural: connective tissue proteins like collagen (forming nails, feathers, hair…) are they water soluble? FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

6. 3. Hormonal-neural (signaling): hormones like insulin neurotransmitters receptors on cell membrane what is their function? 4. Enzymatic: catalysts in reactions what is their function? FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

7. 5. Transport: cell membrane proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin what do they transport? 6. Protection: antibodies fibrinogen, thrombin what do they protect from? FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

8. 7. Contractile: myosin, actin where are they found? what is their function? 8. Storage: albumin in eggs, blood casein in milk aleurone, gluten in seeds what is their function? FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

9. Structure of an amino acid

10. Examples of amino acids

12. Dipeptide formation

15. Primary structure of proteins

16. What is the importance of the primary structure?

19. Symptoms Delayed growth in children Shortness of breath, dizziness and headache Eye problems Gallstones and nausea Ulcers on the legs Chest pain, lung damage leading to hypertension Spleen problems leading to blood transfusions and infections like pneumonia, meningitis, hepatitis Multiple organ failure and DEATH Stroke leading to brain damage, paralysis and DEATH

21. What maintains the primary structure?

22. What determines the primary structure?

23. Secondary structure of proteins

25. What maintains the secondary structure?

27. Tertiary structure of proteins

28. What maintains the tertiary structure?

30. What is the importance of the tertiary structure?

32. Types of tertiary structure Fibrous proteins perform structural functions: tendon, hair, nail -Long polypeptide chains or sheets. -Insoluble in water, very strong and tough Globular proteins function as enzymes, antibodies, hormones -Folded as globular or spherical molecules -Soluble in water

33. Quarternary structure of proteins

35. What happens if a protein folds incorrectly?

36. Cystic fibrosis 1 amino acid loss in a 1480 amino acid long protein causes this life-threatening disease

37. Alzheimer’s Mad cow disease

38. Is there a difference between cooked egg white and raw egg white? Describe. Is there a difference between permed hair and straightened hair? Describe. Is there a difference between cooked meat and raw meat? Describe. Can you taste the difference between cooked milk and raw milk?

40. Denaturation of proteins Denaturation is a process in which a protein loses its specific structure and hence function. Factors that cause denaturation of protein 1- High temperature 2- pH changes 3- Excess salt