1. HEAT TRANSFER Training Manual

2. Inventory Number: 001445 First Edition ANSYS Release: 5.7 Published Date: March 15, 2001 Registered Trademarks: ANSYS ® is a registered trademark of SAS IP Inc. All other product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective manufacturers. Disclaimer Notice: This document has been reviewed and approved in accordance with the ANSYS, Inc. Documentation Review and Approval Procedures. “This ANSYS Inc. software product (the Program) and program documentation (Documentation) are furnished by ANSYS, Inc. under an ANSYS Software License Agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, warranties, disclaimers and remedies, and other provisions. The Program and Documentation may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that License Agreement.” Copyright © 2001 SAS IP, Inc. Proprietary data. Unauthorized use, distribution, or duplication is prohibited. All Rights Reserved. Training Manual HEAT TRANSFER

3. Training Manual March 15, 2001 Inventory #001445 TOC-3 Table of Contents 1.Introduction1-1 A.Overview1-3 B.Related Seminars/Training1-10 C.Other Sources of Information1-11 2.Fundamental Concepts2-1 A.Heat Transfer Basics2-2 B.The Finite Element Approach2-11 C.Error Estimation2-16 D.Beyond Linear Static2-21 E.Element Library2-24 3.Steady State Heat Transfer (no mass transport)3-1 A.Definitions3-2 B.Thermal Loads and Boundary Conditions3-4 C.Thermal Analysis Template3-10 D.Steady State Heat Transfer Example 3-15 4.Additional Considerations for Nonlinear Analysis4-1 A.Preprocessing Considerations4-2 B.Loading and Solution4-5 C.Solution Technique and Convergence4-15 D.Time Considerations4-28 E.Starting Temperature and Convergence4-39 F.Output Controls and Postprocessing4-43 5.Transient Analysis5-1 A.Definitions and Preprocessing5-2 B.“Time” and Solution Procedure5-6 C.Initial Conditions5-18 D.Time Integration and Loading5-24 E.Postprocessing5-30

4. Training Manual March 15, 2001 Inventory #001445 TOC-4 6.Complex, Time and Spatially Varying Boundary Conditions6-1 A.Tabular Boundary Conditions6-2 B.Primary Variables6-8 C.FLUID116 and SURF15x Special Considerations6-9 D.Defining and Checking Tables Using APDL6-10 E.Examples6-32 F.Time Step Control6-41 G.Output Control6-45 H.Function Tool6-49 7.Additional Convection/Heat Flux Loading Options and Simple Thermal/Flow Elements7-1 A.Surface Effect Elements7-3 B.Convection Links7-13 C.Contact Resistance7-15 D.1-D Thermal Flow with FLUID1167-20 E.Interfacing With Surface Effect Elements (FLUID116)7-31 F.Example With Mass Transport7-35 8.Radiation Heat Transfer A.Overview8-2 B.General Characteristics8-3 C.ANSYS and Radiation8-13 D.Form Factors8-15 E.Modeling Radiation in ANSYS8-20 F.Using Surface Effect Elements8-21 G.Using Link Elements8-26 H.Radiation Matrix Utility (AUX12)8-28 I.Radiosity Solver Method8-44 J.Example8-57 9.Phase Change Analysis9-1 A.Terminology and Applications9-2 B.Latent Heat and Enthalpy9-5 C.Solving Phase Change Analyses9-11 D.Postprocessing9-13 E.Example9-14 Table of Contents (continued)

5. Training Manual March 15, 2001 Inventory #001445 TOC-5 10.Coupled Field Analysis10-1 A.What is Coupled Field Analysis?10-2 B.The Direct Method10-4 C.The Sequential Method10-8 D.Physics Environments10-12 E.Thermal Stress Analysis10-15 F.Detailed Procedure10-19 11.Thermal Contact11-1 A.Key Features11-4 B.Example Problem11-11 Appendix A The Finite Element Approach To Thermal AnalysisA-1 A.Governing Equations and TheoryA-2 B.Dimensional AnalysisA-8 C.Example, Derivation of 3-Noded Triangle ElementA-9 Table of Contents (continued)