1. Altered States of Consciousness Lesson 7-1

2. Objectives Describe the research related to sleep and dreams List and discuss sleep disorders

3. Bell Ringer Close your eyes and concentrate on listening to your heartbeat for the next minute. Did you enter an altered state of consciousness?

4. Bell Ringer What would be lost and gained if the need for sleep were eliminated?

5. Opening Read excerpt on losing sleep p. 183

6. Sleep How important is sleep to humans? Sleep is a state of unconsciousness, with brief periods of dreaming. Sleep is a state of altered consciousness

7. Consciousness Consciousness- a state of awareness can range from alert to not alert It is a continuum

8. Studying Sleep Until recently it was very difficult to study Was aided by the electroencephlograph or (EEG)

9. Why do we sleep? Not exactly sure restorative- recharge your batteries recover from exhaustion or stress primitive hibernation-conserve energy keep out of harms way at night clear minds of information in order to dream.

10. Stages of Sleep At first- body temperature declines, pulse rate drops, breathing becomes even If awakened would say you were just drifting This is stage I and lasts about 10 minutes

11. Stage II- Sleep Eyes roll from side to side

12. Stage III- Sleep Large delta waves begin to appear

13. Stage IV- Sleep Deepest sleep of all Difficult to awaken someone in this stage May feel disoriented Sleep walking, bed wetting, talking out loud

14. Stage IV-Sleep Very important to your well-being If don’t get to stage four you feel unrested Look at charts on p. 185 Throughout the night you go back and forth through stages

15. REM-Sleep During this stage eyes begin to move –REM sleep –rapid eye movement –brain waves are similar to a person who is awake. –REM sleep called active sleep

16. REM sleep Each time you enter REM sleep it becomes longer You do not need REM sleep to dream –studied accident victims –REM sleep in brain stem –dreams in frontal lobe

17. How Much Sleep? 1/3 of lives in sleep Newborns- 16 hours a day Some 16 year olds need 10 hours a day College students 8 hours a night 70 year olds- five hours of sleep

18. How Much Sleep Are there certain times of the day when you are more alert? Body follows a circadian rhythm –biological clock that regulates physiological responses –occurs with or without light

19. How Much Sleep When you miss sleep, disruption is very apparent –jet lag –usually takes one day for each hour of change –time changes and accidents

20. Sleep Disorders Insomnia –a prolonged and usually abnormal ability to get to sleep –can be caused by anxiety, depression or overuse of alcohol or drugs

21. Narcolepsy A condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day affects more than 250,000 people in the United States

22. Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea- causes frequent interruptions of breathing during sleep –certain snoring is a symptom –occurs many times a night –victim is in fact choking –ends when carbon dioxide in blood rises

23. Sleep Apnea Affects 1 in 100 Americans feel sleepy and irritable during the day can also be caused by enlarged tonsils or obesity

24. Nightmares and Night Terrors Nightmares- unpleasant dreams which a person may remember Night Terrors-occur during stage IV sleep involving screaming, rapid heart rate, and usually subjects have no memory of them.

25. Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking A person may or may not remember sleep walking or sleep talking has been linked to stress or fatigue can be inherited dangerous if they fall or injure themselves

26. Sleep Walking and Sleep Talking You can engage a person in sleep talking

27. Dreams Mental activity that takes place during sleep Most people can only recall a portion of their dreams

28. Dreams The first few dreams are usually of the day’s activities Later, dreams are longer and more dramatic The last dream is usually longest and one person remembers most

29. Dreams Most people dream of commonplace dull things Most emotions experienced during dreams are negative or unpleasant

30. Dream Interpretaion Dates back to 5,000 B.C. Sigmund Freud- believed dreams contained clues or thoughts the dreamer was afraid to address in their waking hours.

31. Dream Interpretation Freud believed dreams expressed impulses that were unacceptable at the conscious level Other argue that dreams mean nothing at all

32. Day Dreaming Dreaming or fantasizing while we are awake some believe it is important to creativity and thought processes some say it allows us to control our emotions.