1. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 McGraw-Hill Framework for Classifying Leadership Studies Numerous studies Focus –Traits –Behaviors Approach –Universal approach –Contingent approach

2. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 McGraw-Hill Trait Theory At first glance, traits distinguish leaders from followers However, research has been fruitless Basic Leadership Styles Three basic styles –Autocratic –Laissez-faire –Democratic

3. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 McGraw-Hill Ohio State Studies Series of studies Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire Two leader behaviors –Consideration –Initiating structure Other studies Major conclusions –High on consideration = satisfied subordinates –Relationship depends on group led –No relationship between leader effectiveness and initiating structure

4. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 McGraw-Hill University of Michigan Studies Institute for Social Research Interviews Five Results Opposite techniques = low-producing groups Rensis Likert Four Patterns Results

5. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 McGraw-Hill The Managerial Grid Method of classification Two dimensional framework Five basic styles –Authority-obedience –Country club management –Team management –Impoverished management –Organization man management

6. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 McGraw-Hill Contingency Approach to Leadership Focus on style Fred Fiedler’s basic traits LPC Task-motivated Relationship-motivated Three major dimensions: – Leader-member relations – Task structure – Position power

7. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 McGraw-Hill Continuum of Leader Behaviors Different styles Forces : – In the manager – In the subordinate – In the situation One style not effective Behaviors depend on situation

8. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 McGraw-Hill Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Four role types – Role classification – Supportive leadership – Participative leadership – Autocratic leadership Situational Leadership Proposes progression