1. 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Pre-Islamic Arabia Early Islam The Teaching of Islam Muslim Expansion Key Terms (define)

2. How would you characterize pre- Islamic Arabia, in terms of religion?

3. polytheistic

4. What was the role of Mecca before Islam?

5. Sacred meeting place; polytheistic idols were kept in Kaaba; trading

7. What was the most important economic activity in Pre-Islamic Arabia?

8. trading or merchants or caravans

11. What is the term for a leader or successor of Muhammad?

12. caliph

13. Why did Muslims panic when Muhammad died?

14. Didn’t know how to choose a successor (naming a successor) and thought Islam wouldn’t survive with out the Prophet Muhammad

15. Because Muhammad didn’t leave a successor, it caused a split among Muslims. Name the two groups.

16. Sunni and Shia

17. Explain the different beliefs between the Shia and Sunni.

18. Sunni: anyone can be the caliph if they are a good Muslim and leader Shia: only a blood relative (family member) of Muhammad can be a caliph

19. What did Muhammad do when he returned to Mecca in triumph in 630AD?

20. 1. Forgave all who opposed Muslims 2. He destroyed the idols in the Kaaba. 3. Made the Kaaba monotheistic

21. What is the holy book of Islam?

22. The Qur’an

23. What is the Sunna (Hadith)?

24. The collected says and traditions of Prophet Muhammad.

25. What does Islam mean?

26. submission to God’s will

27. Muslims believe Muhammad was…

28. prophet or messenger of God

29. Who are called “people of the book” by Muslims? Why?

30. Christians and Jews They share the same prophets (Abraham, Moses, Jesus).

31. What were Janissaries?

32. slave soldiers in the Ottoman army

33. How did Jews influence the culture of Cordoba?

34. 1. held key jobs: poets, philosophers, scientists 2. Religious tolerance allowed them to contribute to city’s cultural growth

35. In what ways were Cordoba and Baghdad similar?

36. They were both centers of culture and learning.

37. Describe the land that the Ottoman empire conquered.

38. Conquered the Byzantine Empire, eventually ruled lands from eastern Europe to North Africa and Arabia; Constantinople became Istanbul

39. Define how Muslims used tolerance when conquering a new people.

40. They allowed Jews and Christians to keep their religion but they had to pay special taxes; they accepted other people’s religious beliefs.

41. Mecca

42. Holiest city to Muslims, face this city to pray, location of the Kaaba

43. Ramadan

44. the holy month of fasting

45. shah

46. the leader of the Safavid Empire; king

47. jihad

48. to make an effort or to struggle; an inner struggle to obey God

49. Name all 5 Pillars of Faith

50. 1. Statement of Faith: There is no God, but God, and Muhammad is his prophet 2. Daily prayer 3. Donation to charity 4. Fasting/Ramandan 5. Hajj/Pilgrimage to Mecca