1. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Local Area Networks Gerd Keiser

2. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Chapter Three Data Communication Concepts

3. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl A typical communication link between two LANs Figure 3.1

4. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl The periodic sine wave is a fundamental analog signal Figure 3.2

5. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Concept of phase shifts relative to time zero Figure 3.3

6. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Amplitude, period, and bit duration of two binary waveforms Figure 3.4

7. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Amplifiers compensate for energy losses along a channel Figure 3.5

8. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Electrical or optical power levels of a signal at points 1 and 2 Figure 3.6

9. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Attenuation and amplification in a transmission path Figure 3.7

10. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Analog and digital signal representations Figure 3.8

11. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Digitization of analog waveforms Figure 3.9

12. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Typical AM, FM, and PM waveforms Figure 3.10

13. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Constellation or phase-state diagrams for QPSK and 8-PSK Figure 3.11

14. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Two possible constellations for 16-QAM Figure 3.12

15. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Examples of several commonly used line codes Figure 3.13

16. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Measurement of the length of an error burst Figure 3.14

17. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl The basic procedure for the CRC technique Figure 3.15

18. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Two different procedures for finding the CRC Figure 3.16

19. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Example of the stop-and-wait flow control method Figure 3.17

20. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Concept of the sliding-window protocol operation Figure 3.18

21. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Example of frame retransmission using go-back-N ARQ Figure 3.19

22. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Structure of an optical fiber waveguide Figure 3.20

23. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Comparison of single-mode and multimode optical fibers Figure 3.21

24. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Example of communication devices sharing a wireless LAN Figure 3.22

25. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl The fundamental concept of multiplexing Figure 3.23

26. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl In the FDM process guard bands separate adjacent channels Figure 3.24

27. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Synchronous time division multiplexing (TDM) Figure 3.25

28. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl The concept of statistical TDM Figure 3.26

29. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Example of statistical TDM Figure 3.27

30. “Local Area Networks” - Gerd Keiser Copyright © 2003 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl The concept of WDM based on the ITU-T G.692 grid Figure 3.28