1. Warm Up O The Second Great Awakening was a movement that promoted — O F spiritual revival and the need for social reform O G the use of reason and scientific theory O H states’ rights and governmental reform O J mercantilism and the development of global trade

2. Westward Expansion & Industrialization Review Tuesday, February 17, 2015

3. Moving West O Manifest Destiny is the belief that American’s had the God-given right to expand from the east coast to the west coast. O France owned the Louisiana Territory and offered to sell it to Thomas Jefferson for $15 million in 1803. O A way for territories to become states was detailed in the Northwest Ordinance in 1787.

4. O People seeking new lands and adventure were called pioneers O Pioneers and immigrants were able to settle in the west thanks to new means of transportation and communication.

5. Texas O The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican American War. O Mexico recognized Texas as part of the United States.

6. Gathering More Land The United States acquired the Gadsden territory which included lands bordering Mexico, New Mexico, and Arizona Annexation ~ the way Texas was acquired by the United States

7. Lewis & Clark On their way to the Pacific Ocean and Oregon Territory, Lewis & Clark navigated smaller rivers flowing from the Mississippi River.

8. Time Line

9. O The construction of railroads and canals led to the removal of trees, soil, and rock. O One reason many immigrants came to America was the availability of jobs in American factories. O TURN YOUR PAPER OVER O Manufacturing in the United States developed in the North O Agriculture in the United States developed in the South O Agriculture led to the invention of the cotton gin and an increase in slavery in the south.

10. O People moved from the country to the city seeking jobs in factories. O Sectionalism increased to to differences in natural resources. This led to different economic activities in the different regions of the United States. O Technological innovations and scientific discoveries lead to manufacturing in the North and agriculture in the south. O Urbanization is the term used to describe the movement of people from rural (country) to urban (city) areas.

11. O Improved transportation and communication led to faster and more efficient ways to move goods and people. O The Transcontinental Railroad opened up the West to settlement O The Erie Canal led to rapid growth of cities in the North. O Tariff ~ tax on imported goods O Urbanization ~ when people moved from the country to the city

12. O Technological innovations such as the cotton gin increased slavery in the south on large plantations. O Eli Whitney used interchangeable parts to assemble his gun. This lead to assembly line manufacturing in the north. O TURN THE PAGE

13. O The steam locomotive was invented by Peter Cooper. It increased railroad construction and opened the west. O The steam engine increased industrialization because it provided a power source for machinery O The steamboat was invented by Robert Fulton. O The steamboat increased transportation up and down the Mississippi River O Goods and people were transported faster to different areas.

14. O The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse O Improved communication O Followed railroad lines O Increased movement to the cities is called urbanization O Mechanical reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormack O Used to harvest wheat O Opened west to further settlement O Bessemer steel process made steel cheaper

15. O New York City became an important manufacturing city thanks to the development of the Erie Canal. O Chinese immigrants helped to build the Erie Canal. O The potato famine in Ireland led to many Irish immigrants coming to America O Immigrants faced discrimination by Americans O Lack of English skills O Willing to work for low wages

16. O Pollution was caused by the increase in transportation and manufacturing. O TURN THE PAGE O England’s blockade of American ports during the War of 1812 required America to become industrially independent. O 3 reasons America became industrialized: O A lot of natural resources as we moved west O Improvements in transportation helped the movement of raw materials, goods, & people O New inventions such as the steamboat, cotton gin, and steam locomotive

17. O Free enterprise ~ economic system where the people decide what the make and buy. O The Transcontinental Railroad connected the east and the west. O Laissez-faire is the belief that the government should NOT interfere in the practice of free enterprise except: O To protect private property O To maintain peace O Entrepreneur ~ person who risks his/her money to create business/goods O Women & children were frequently used in factory work.

18. Assignment 1. Create 3 test questions from your notes. 1. Can be multiple choice or essay/short answer 2. You must provide the answer 2. Write at least one question you still have about what we have learned. 3. BONUS ~ Pick one sentence and draw it.