1. Programming with OpenGL Part 5: More GLSL Isaac Gang University of Mary Hardin-Baylor E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 1

2. Objectives Coupling shaders to applications ­Reading ­Compiling ­Linking Vertex Attributes Setting up uniform variables Example applications E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 2

3. Linking Shaders with Application Read shaders Compile shaders Create a program object Link everything together Link variables in application with variables in shaders ­Vertex attributes ­Uniform variables E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 3

4. Program Object Container for shaders ­Can contain multiple shaders ­Other GLSL functions GLuint myProgObj; myProgObj = glCreateProgram(); /* define shader objects here */ glUseProgram(myProgObj); glLinkProgram(myProgObj); E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 4

5. Reading a Shader Shaders are added to the program object and compiled Usual method of passing a shader is as a null-terminated string using the function glShaderSource If the shader is in a file, we can write a reader to convert the file to a string E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 5

6. Shader Reader #include static char* readShaderSource(const char* shaderFile) { FILE* fp = fopen(shaderFile, "r"); if ( fp == NULL ) { return NULL; } fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END); long size = ftell(fp); E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 6

7. Shader Reader (cont) fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET); char* buf = new char[size + 1]; fread(buf, 1, size, fp); buf[size] = '\0'; fclose(fp); return buf; } E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 7

8. Adding a Vertex Shader GLuint vShader; GLunit myVertexObj; GLchar vShaderfile[] = “my_vertex_shader”; GLchar* vSource = readShaderSource(vShaderFile); glShaderSource(myVertexObj, 1, &vertexShaderFile, NULL); myVertexObj = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); glCompileShader(myVertexObj); glAttachObject(myProgObj, myVertexObj); E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 8

9. Vertex Attributes Vertex attributes are named in the shaders Linker forms a table Application can get index from table and tie it to an application variable Similar process for uniform variables E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 9

10. Vertex Attribute Example #define BUFFER_OFFSET( offset ) ((GLvoid*) (offset)) GLuint loc = glGetAttribLocation( program, "vPosition" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( loc ); glVertexAttribPointer( loc, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0) ); E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 10

11. Uniform Variable Example GLint angleParam; angleParam = glGetUniformLocation(myProgObj, "angle"); /* angle defined in shader */ /* my_angle set in application */ GLfloat my_angle; my_angle = 5.0 /* or some other value */ glUniform1f(angleParam, my_angle); E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 11

12. Double Buffering Updating the value of a uniform variable opens the door to animating an application ­Execute glUniform in display callback ­Force a redraw through glutPostRedisplay() Need to prevent a partially redrawn frame buffer from being displayed Draw into back buffer Display front buffer Swap buffers after updating finished 12 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012

13. Adding Double Buffering Request a double buffer ­glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE) Swap buffers 13 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 void mydisplay() { glClear(……); glDrawArrays(); glutSwapBuffers(); }

14. Idle Callback Idle callback specifies function to be executed when no other actions pending ­glutIdleFunc(myIdle); 14 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 void myIdle() { // recompute display glutPostRedisplay(); }

15. Attribute and Varying Qualifiers Starting with GLSL 1.5 attribute and varying qualifiers have been replaced by in and out qualifiers No changes needed in application Vertex shader example: 15 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 #version 1.4 attribute vec3 vPosition; varying vec3 color; #version 1.5 in vec3 vPosition; out vec3 color;

16. Adding Color If we set a color in the application, we can send it to the shaders as a vertex attribute or as a uniform variable depending on how often it changes Let’s associate a color with each vertex Set up an array of same size as positions Send to GPU as a vertex buffer object 16 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012

17. Setting Colors 17 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 typedef vec3 color3; color3 base_colors[4] = {color3(1.0, 0.0. 0.0), …. color3 colors[NumVertices]; vec3 points[NumVertices]; //in loop setting positions colors[i] = basecolors[color_index] position[i] = …….

18. Setting Up Buffer Object 18 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 //need larger buffer glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(points) + sizeof(colors), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //load data separately glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(points), points); glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(points), sizeof(colors), colors);

19. Second Vertex Array 19 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 // vPosition and vColor identifiers in vertex shader loc = glGetAttribLocation(program, “vPosition”); glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc); glVertexAttribPointer(loc, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); loc2 = glGetAttribLocation(program, “vColor”); glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc2); glVertexAttribPointer(loc2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeofpoints));

20. Vertex Shader Applications Moving vertices ­Morphing ­Wave motion ­Fractals Lighting ­More realistic models ­Cartoon shaders E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 20

21. Wave Motion Vertex Shader in vec4 vPosition; uniform float xs, zs, // frequencies uniform float h; // height scale void main() { vec4 t = vPosition; t.y = vPosition.y + h*sin(time + xs*vPosition.x) + h*sin(time + zs*vPosition.z); gl_Position = t; } E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 21

22. Particle System in vec3 vPosition; uniform mat4 ModelViewProjectionMatrix; uniform vec3 init_vel; uniform float g, m, t; void main() { vec3 object_pos; object_pos.x = vPosition.x + vel.x*t; object_pos.y = vPosition.y + vel.y*t + g/(2.0*m)*t*t; object_pos.z = vPosition.z + vel.z*t; gl_Position = ModelViewProjectionMatrix*vec4(object_pos,1); } E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 22

23. Pass Through Fragment Shader /* pass-through fragment shader */ in vec4 color; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = color; } E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 23

24. Vertex vs Fragment Lighting per vertex lighting per fragment lighting E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 24

25. Fragment Shader Applications Texture mapping smooth shadingenvironment mapping bump mapping E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 25