1. Introducing Quotations She said, “Wait, what?”

2. Introducing quotations When you include quotations, make sure that they are inserted so the paper still reads smoothly and flows. Avoid making halting sentences. All of another author’s ideas and words should start or end using a signal phrase that names the author or otherwise alerts the reader that the information is from a source.

3. You cannot just plunk a direct quotation into your essay OR make the quotation too long. Macbeth should not have killed Duncan because the witches were just trying to fool Macbeth “All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!”

4. Instead, introduce it using one of the following followed by a comma: According to Shakespeare, the second witch says, Shakespeare writes, The second witch greets Macbeth with In the play, Shakespeare states,

5. Combine any of these to make introductions and cut or paraphrase….. Put quotation marks around any exact wording! According to Shakespeare, the second witch says, “All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!” In the play, Shakespeare states, “All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!”

6. Consider incorporating just a small part of the quotation..note no commas when yours and the author’s sentences flow together….. The second witch greets Macbeth and says that he “shalt be king hereafter!”

7. Author is neutral Author implies or suggests Author argues claims Author is uneasy or disagrees Author agrees commentsanalyzescontendsdisparagesadmits describesasksdefendsbelittlesagrees explainsassessesdisagreesbemoansconcedes illustratesconcludesholdscomplainsconcurs notesfindsinsistscondemnsgrants observespredictsmaintainsdeplores points outproposesdeprecates recordsrevealsderides relatesshowslaments reportsspeculates sayssuggests seesproposes thinks writes

8. In text citations You must give credit to the author whether you quote directly or paraphrase! 1.Use citationmachine.net to help you 2.You must complete a citation for your Works Cited page for EACH author 3.For your in-text citation, you must list the author’s LAST NAME and PAGE # with NO punctuation inside parenthesis for MLA. 4.Example: (Shakespeare 12)

9. In text citations 5.Insert the in-text citation right after the quote or paraphrase… OUTSIDE the quotation marks INSIDE the punctuation The second witch greets Macbeth and says that he “shalt be king hereafter!” (Shakespeare 12).