1. Glucose Regulation DIABETES TYPE I AND TYPE II Guadalupe - Keaton - Erick - Monica - Kaitlin - Gretchen - Sandra

2. Pathophysiology Diabetes Type I and II Type I ● Autoimmune Disorder ● Body attacks/destroys beta cells in the pancreas ● Little or no insulin produced ● Sugar remains in the bloodstream Type II ● Pancreas does not make enough insulin ● Body does not use insulin properly ● Insulin resistant ● Pancreas can not keep up, resulting in less sugar removed from blood

3. ● Kidneys - Diabetic Nephropathy ● Nervous System - Diabetic Neuropathy ● Eyes - Diabetic Retinopathy Impacted Body Systems

4. Concepts Urinary System ● Nephropathy o Elimination o Inflammation Nervous System ● Neuropathy o Sensory Perception ● Retinopathy o Cognition o Functional Ability

5. Risk Factors T ype I Diabetes ● Family history ● Genetics ● Geography ● Age Type II Diabetes ● Weight ● Fat distribution ● Inactivity ● Family history ● Race ● Age ● Pre-diabetes ● Gestational diabetes

6. ● Polydipsia ● Polyuria ● Increased hunger ● Unusual weight loss or gain ● Fatigue ● Blurred vision Manifestations ❖ Symptoms of Type I diabetes develop quickly and are often confused with other illnesses. ❖ Symptoms of Type II develop slowly and are often present for years before diagnosis.

7. Type I ● HbA1c ● Urine o Ketones o Glucose ● Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) ● Blood Glucose Levels ● Antibodies Lab and other Diagnostic Tests Type II ● HbA1c ● Random Plasma Glucose ● Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ● Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

8. Treatments ● Insulin injections or insulin pump ● Medication ● Monitoring blood levels several times a day ● Healthy dieting and exercising ● (Ketoacidosis) Fluid push to treat dehydration and balance electrolytes, and insulin to lower blood sugar and prevent Ketone production.

9. References Copstead-Kirkhorn, L., & Banasik, J. L. (2014). Pathophysiology, 5th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-1-4557-2650-9/id/B9781455726509000176_f0010http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-1-4557-2650-9/id/B9781455726509000176_f0010 Faulkner, M. (1996). Family responses to children with diabetes and their influence on self-care. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 11(2), 82-93. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/S0882-5963(96)80065http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/S0882-5963(96)80065 Giddens, J. (2013). Concepts for Nursing Practice. St Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., & Snyder, J. S. (2013). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 7th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-08789-6/outline/http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-08789-6/outline/ Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, October 28). Diabetic neuropathy. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic website: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20033336 Cardoso de Sousa Barros, K., Alzete de Lima, M., Vilarouca da Silva, A. R., de Almeida, P. C., & Gomes Machado, A. L. (2014). RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN EMPLOYEES OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY [Portuguese]. Journal Of Nursing UFPE / Revista De Enfermagem UFPE, 8(9), 3099-3105. doi:10.5205/reuol.5960-55386-1-ED.0809201418