1. Raphael

2. Raphael, School of Athens, fresco, Vatican, Rome 1510-1511

3. Commissioned by Pope Julius II for library Originally called Philosophy One painting in set of works illustrating the vastness/variety of the papal library Influenced by composition of Leonardo’s The Last Supper

4. One uniform light throughout composition Two greatest philosophers in ancient Greek thought-Plato & Aristotle Discussing the source of their inspiration Gathering of ancient philosophers and scientists from different eras talking and sharing ideas

5. Plato’s inspiration came from the heavens- points upward –Those concerned with mysteries of the world on his side Aristotle’s inspiration came from the earth- hand out, facing down –Those concerned nature and human affairs on his side

7. The Small Cowper Madonna, Raphael, oil on panel, 1505

8. Classical style His landscapes lack the sfumato that Leonardo used. style is calm, harmonious, and restrained. His figures are graceful fluid forms.

16. The Venetian School Artists in Venice were fascinated with light, color, texture, and mood. They established a school of painting that stressed sensuous forms with sophisticated color harmonies.

17. The Tempest, Giorgione, oil, 1506- 1508

18. Intense debate about meaning Soldier staring at breast-feeding woman Broken columns, half-done arch Emerging landscape tradition

19. Titian Used strong color as his main expressive device. Brought oil painting to Venice he covered the surface of the canvas with red for warmth. Then he painted both background and figures in vivid hues and toned them down with thirty or forty layers of glazes. daring compositional arrangements

20. Pastoral Symphony, Titian, 1510, oil on canvas

21. Pastoral=relating to countryside Landscape itself is one of the main subjects Two musicians and two nude women –One aristocratic musician, one peasant –One woman pouring water in well, one playing flute Thought to be an allegory on the invention of poetry

22. Sleeping Venus, oil on canvas, Titian, 1538

23. May not have been Venus, may have been a courtesan –Looks at us directly, unashamed, provocative Theory of marriage, wedding night –Dog symbolizes faithfulness Roses contribute to the floral motif carried throughout the work Painting became a standard for future reclining nudes

26. Women Patrons of the Arts Wealthy women at this time started to become avid supporters of the arts Isabella of Spain painted by Titian She was a patron of writers, composers, artists

27. Mannerism New style that developed in Florence and Rome in the 1520s Associated with death of Rafael and the sacking of Rome by Charles V of Spain in 1519 Reformation-Martin Luther voicing his complaints about the Catholic church. Lots of chaos

28. HR- beauty, proportion, balance, natural, elegant=return to the classical Mannerism was anti-Classical Awkward, elongated, emotional, clashing colors, strange perspective Defied uniformity and balance

29. Descent from the Cross, Jacopo Pontormo, oil on panel, 1528, Mannerism

30. Figures crowd the composition around the frame of the picture leaving a void in the center. There is no clearly defined focal point Christ’s body is elongated and twisting Figures have elongated bodies with small heads. Shallow space; acidic colors

31. Madonna with the Long Neck. Parmigianino, oil on wood, 1535, Mannerism

32. Elongation Crowded on left, but not right, space is irrational Asymmetrical Columns are similar to Madonna’s long neck

33. Small figure at base is strangely out of proportion; role in the painting is uncertain. Pose of Mary and Jesus is reminiscent of the Pieta

34. Agnolo Bronzino, Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time, 1546

35. Commissioned by Cosimo de Medici of Florence to Francis I of France Allegory-many meanings Cupid kisses mother Venus –Eye on her golden apple –On a pillow reflecting idleness –Venus removes arrow from his quiver Folly throws flowers

36. Masks are falseness; doves are love Vanity (right of Venus) has beautiful face but body is an animal Envy (left) is green-interpreted as syphilis Truth (top left) Time (top right) Crowded, complex composition

37. Portrait of Artist’s Brother and Sisters, Sofonisba Anguissola, 1555

38. First well-known influential FEMALE artist From a large, wealthy family Studied under two master painters Impressed Vasari and Michelangelo Primarily a portrait artist

39. used the strong colors and smooth finish familiar in Mannerist portraits. First of the genre painters- painted scenes from everyday life

40. The Last Supper, Tintoretto, oil on canvas, Venetian Renaissance

41. Asymmetrical balance Two light sources, one real, one supernatural –Glowing translucent angels –Each of the apostles, minus Judas, has a halo. Jesus’ halo is most brilliant light source Christ is in the center, yet powerful diagonals pull the eye into the distance

42. Elongated figures Light casts long shadows Ghostly drama, deep perspective, gives the idea of limitless depth and motion The overall effect is very spiritual, which reflects Tintoretto’s religious nature Interesting working method

43. Abduction of the Sabine Woman, Giovanni da Bologna, 1583 marble

44. Rape-abduction not sexual violation First men of Rome abducted their wives from neighboring Sabine families Carved from one piece of marble Spiral movement pre-cursor to Baroque Negative space

45. Symbolism of the Medici family (young man) taking Florence (the woman) away from the preceding government (old man)