1. Chicano Movement (cont’d)-GLBT Movement- Environmental Movement
Unit 9 Lecture 5: Part 2
Chicano Movement (cont’d)-GLBT Movement-
Environmental Movement

2. California Students rally for change in public schools!
Students were inspired by the charismatic Chicano educator Sal Castro, a teacher at Theodore Roosevelt High School.
After attending youth leadership conferences where they learned about the differences between Eastside and Westside schools, members of the Brown Berets and other student groups from Roosevelt, Wilson, Lincoln, Garfield, and Belmont high schools began organizing for change.

3. Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.
In March of 1968, students from all five public high schools in East L.A. walked out of their classes.
While initially their protest was tolerated, the patience of the authorities wore thin, and the police were unleashed on the peaceful demonstrators. and students were brutally beaten.
Thirteen people --Castro and twelve college students-- were arrested on conspiracy charges.
Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.
Students were demanding:
bilingual education
Mexican American history courses
More Mexican American teachers
Overall the school board changed very little as a result of these walk outs, it was only over time that change occurred.
WALK OUT!

4. GLBT Movement
1951-1st Gay Rights Orgs Stonewall Riots-2013 Gays in the Military

5. Homosexuals as an “Invisible Culture?”
Sex in general was not an open topic for conversation in America since the beginning.
Homosexuality was considered an extremely taboo subject.
Being gay was dangerous. You could be disowned by your family, put in a mental institution or jail so most people lived double lives and kept their sexual preference a secret.

6. History of LBGT 1st Organizations Mattachine Society
November 11, 1950
In Los Angeles, gay rights activist Harry Hay founds America’s first national gay rights organization. In an attempt to change public perception of homosexuality, the Mattachine Society aims to "eliminate discrimination, derision, prejudice and bigotry," to assimilate homosexuals into mainstream society, and to cultivate the notion of an "ethical homosexual culture."
Daughters of Bilitis
Mattachine Society
November 11, 1950
In Los Angeles, gay rights activist Harry Hay founds America’s first national gay rights organization. In an attempt to change public perception of homosexuality, the Mattachine Society aims to "eliminate discrimination, derision, prejudice and bigotry," to assimilate homosexuals into mainstream society, and to cultivate the notion of an "ethical homosexual culture.“
September 21, 1955
In San Francisco, the Daughters of Bilitis becomes the first lesbian rights organization in the United States. The organization hosts social functions, providing alternatives to lesbian bars and clubs, which are frequently raided by police.

7. GLBT
Movement grows from increasing tensions and oppression of citizen’s constitutional rights.
The movement’s goal is to educate people as to the injustice GLBT citizens undergo and fight to become seen and treated equally in the eyes of the law and American Society.
People with negative attitudes towards lesbians and gays are more likely to be:
Religious,
Less educated,
Politically conservative
Have little close personal contact with out gay men and lesbians,
Support traditional gender roles.
They may have a deep personal, moral or religious objection to homosexuality.

8. Before Stonewall
Until 1973 Homosexuality was a diagnosable mental disorder, in which an individual could have been committed to a psychiatric (mental) institution, w/ or w/o their consent, to undergo conversion or re-pair therapy.
At the time, the police used any number of reasons they could think of to justify an arrest on indecency charges including: kissing, holding hands, wearing clothing traditionally of the opposite gender, or even being in the bar during the raid.

9. Why were the Stone Wall Riots a turning point in the GLBT movement?
June 28, 1969
Patrons of the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village riot when police officers attempt to raid the popular gay bar around 1am. Since its establishment in 1967, the bar had been frequently raided by police officers trying to clean up the neighborhood of "sexual deviants."
Angry gay youth clash with aggressive police officers in the streets, leading to a three-day riot during which thousands of protestors receive only minimal local news coverage. Nonetheless, the event will be credited with reigniting the fire behind America's modern LGBT rights movement.
"Stonewall," as the raids are often referred to, is generally considered a turning point for the modern gay rights movement worldwide, as it is one of the first times in modern history a significant body of gay people resisted arrest.

10. Stonewall Riots
Solid gay rights organizations begin to form and take political action
June 28, 1970
Christopher St. Liberation Day commemorates the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall riots.
Following the event, thousands of members of the LGBT community march through New York into Central Park, in what will be considered America's first gay pride parade.
In the coming decades, the annual gay pride parade will spread to dozens of countries around the world.

11. Early Action
October 14, 1979
An estimated 75,000 people participate in the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights. LGBT people and straight allies demand equal civil rights and urge for the passage of protective civil rights legislature.

12. Who was Harvey Milk and how did he become a martyr for the GLBT cause?
November 8, 1977
Harvey Milk wins a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors
The first openly gay man elected to public office
is responsible for introducing a gay rights ordinance protecting gays and lesbians from being fired from their jobs.
Milk also leads a successful campaign against Proposition 6, an initiative forbidding homosexual teachers.
A year later, on November 27, 1978, former city supervisor Dan White assassinates Milk. White's actions are motivated by jealousy and depression, rather than homophobia
He is remembered as being the first public servant to use the legislature to secure rights for the GLBT community.

13. AIDS CHANGES EVERYTHING
An unusual disease shows up in hospitals and early on seemed to affect gay males. The disease became known as GRID
Gay Related Immune Deficiency Disorder.
When the symptoms are found outside the gay community, Bruce Voeller, biologist and founder of the National Gay Task Force, successfully lobbies to change the name of the disease to AIDS.
March 10, 1987
AIDS advocacy group ACT UP (The AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) is formed in response to the devastating affects the disease has had on the gay and lesbian community in New York. The group holds demonstrations against pharmaceutical companies profiteering from AIDS-related drugs as well as the lack of AIDS policies protecting patients from outrageous prescription prices
May - June, 1988
The CDC mails a brochure, Understanding AIDS, to every household in the U.S. Approximately 107 million brochures are mailed
July 3, 1981
The New York Times prints the first story of a rare pneumonia and skin cancer found in 41 gay men in New York and California. The CDC initially refers to the disease as GRID, Gay Related Immune Deficiency Disorder.
When the symptoms are found outside the gay community, Bruce Voeller, biologist and founder of the National Gay Task Force, successfully lobbies to change the name of the disease to AIDS.
March 10, 1987
AIDS advocacy group ACT UP (The AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) is formed in response to the devastating affects the disease has had on the gay and lesbian community in New York. The group holds demonstrations against pharmaceutical companies profiteering from AIDS-related drugs as well as the lack of AIDS policies protecting patients from outrageous prescription prices

14. What were/are the main goals of the GLBT movement?
Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Trans-gendered
Most under-represented group of Americans to present date.
Issues:
Equal Protection under the law
Dispel myths of being socially deviant or being Mentally ill.
Equal Access to Government Institutions:
Military Service √
Civil Service Jobs
Government Services: healthcare, civil marriage, access to adopt children.

15. Environmental Movement
In the 1920s Progressives worked to conserve public lands, and fight the corruption of Industrialization.
However, no one could predict the effects Industrialization would have on the environment.
By 1952, major cities had a thick layer of smog caused by coal smoke from factories.
In the 1960s hippies were the first to embrace the idea of living within nature and preserving the environment.
 However Rachel Carson, is credited for igniting the environmental movement by writing Silent Spring. 1962

16. Environmental Movement
 The book Silent Spring focused on the impact of the chemical DDT and other insecticides on animal populations, in particular that of various species of birds.
The bald eagle was one species of bird whose population suffered from the use of DDT. The pesticide thinned the egg shells of the bird, which contributed to a reduction in the population size.
The endangerment of the bald eagle garnered particular media and public attention, since the bald eagle is the national bird of the United States.
This concern over preservation and America’s wild spaces led to laws such as the Endangered Species Act.

17. These events included:
The modern day environmental movement in the United States began in the in 1960s and 1970s.
This movement was originally focused on a few prominent environmental issues and disasters.
These events included:
concern over hydrogen bomb testing on Bikini Atoll,
oil spills off of the coast of California,
the use of insecticides and other chemicals.

18. In the 1960s, the pollution of the Great Lakes became a rallying point for environmentalism in the United States.
The pollution of Lake Erie and its nearby waterways was so great that debris on the Cuyahoga River caught fire and created thousands of dollars of property damage.
The so-called Lake Erie Fire became a media sensation and helped push environmentalism into the public consciousness.
Dr. Seuss mentioned it by name in his environmental awareness book The Lorax

19. What was the focus of the Environmental Movement?
The first area of environmental concern was more traditional sense of preservation.
Keeping natural habitats free from toxic waste, and human contamination so that plants & animals can continue to thrive in the wild.
Another thread of environmental concern was over the impact of environmental damage on the human population.

20. Laws to protect the environment and public health
Two areas of particular concern were air and water pollution.
The Clean Water Act of 1972 regulates water quality and also how pollutants are discharged in water.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 focuses on the control of air pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency was established to monitor water & air quality standards to protect public health and welfare.

21. Impact of the Environmental Movement
Today, many of the rallying points of the environmental movement have become ingrained into American society.
A focus on renewable energy and clean technology have garnered national attention!
Air and water quality standards are regulated for the public good, endangered and threatened species are protected, and chemicals and products go through a rigorous testing process to determine potential health and environmental threats.