2. Evaluation of the CDTI CS 247B / MS&E 430 (Pamela Hinds) NASA Ames (Richard Mogford) Honor Gunday Joe Sacco Luke Swartz Stanford University www.stanford.edu/~lswartz/cs247b

3. CDTI Now: can’t see other planes Cockpit Display of Traffic Information –situation awareness of other planes’ locations altitudes intentions –route changes

4. Free Flight Now: all adjustments need approval, handoffs from one controller to another (see handout) Free flight: during en route, let pilots make their own course changes

5. Methodology and Process Interviews –5 pilots, 4 controllers –Pilots: not in workspace… Observations –Prototype testing –Oakland TRACON Design Meetings and Focus Groups

6. Pilots’ Work (now) Drawings: PFD and Nav DisplayDrawings: PFD and Nav Display Flight Management System (FMS)Flight Management System (FMS) En routeEn route –generally quiet –route change requests usually granted

7. Controllers’ Work (now) Environment –laid back, fun –love their job –pride “Having a deal” Unexpected events

8. Pilots’ Work (free flight) Over-water versus over-land Worried about –time –distractions –attention –safety General Aviation pilot: didn’t want self- separation responsibility either

9. Controllers’ Work (free flight) Want clear responsibilities –“all or nothing” Concern over efficiency –will this actually help? –free flight might actually make things worse!

10. Interface Observations Not the subject of our course, but… –CDTI display itself: liked, seemed easy to use (based on ND) –Bar on bottom of CDTI: perceived as “hard to use” Feedback on sending flight plans? Toggle switches (e.g. pulse)?

11. Process Recommendations Subjects –“lab rats become very well trained” Simulation –currently distracting, problems of validity? Mindset –“demonstration, not an experiment”

12. Design Principles for Pilots Fit into physical workspace Shouldn’t increase workload substantially, or require constant attention Present pertinent info

13. Design Principles for Controllers High attention, short time (active vs. passiveness) Present visually “Handoff-able”; deal with unexpected situations, error Clear roles and responsibilities (distributed, not shared)

14. How does the CDTI do? CDTIFree flight Fit into physical workspace  Shouldn’t require constant attention  Present pertinent info  High, short-term active attention  Visual display of information Handoff-able, can deal with unplanned/extraordinary events  Clear responsiblities 

15. High-Level Recommendations What is the motivation behind CDTI and free flight? –Pilot skepticism: “how busy are they?” –Controller skepticism: “this will make it slower!” –FAA, controllers, NASA, pilots…and airlines

16. High-Level Recommendation CDTI can be (best?) used without free flight –Further ensure safety –Reduce workload on controllers without changing roles –Get rid of FMS  Only free flight over water? Presentation to pilots

17. Questions? www.stanford.edu/~lswartz/cs247b