2. U.S. Standard 8 Tensions between the North and South

3. Essential Question (U.S. Standard 8) Explain the relationship between growing North- South divisions and westward expansion.

4. Essential Question (Indicator 8A) Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; including the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas).

5. Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper entitled The Liberator and called for the ______________ and complete abolition of slavery Frederick Douglas 1. worked as an _______ slave 2. published a _________ 3. lectured about the evils of _________ urban newspaper immediate slavery

6. Essential Question (Indicator 8B) Explain the Missouri Compromise, and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.

7. 1820-1821

8. 1.Missouri joined the Union as a slave state. 2.Maine entered as a free state. 3.North of 36 30’ slavery was banned forever. South of 36 30’ slavery was permitted. The result was that the balance of free and ___________ states was maintained. slave

9. Essential Question (Indicator 8C) Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology, including the role of John C. Calhoun, and the development of sectionalism.

10. South Carolina Ordinance became synonymous with the _______________ issue. SC feared that the Federal government would impose taxes that might eventually end ______________. Nullification Crisis Consequently, they overwhelmingly passed the Nullification Ordinance – which claimed the Tariff Acts of 1828 & 1832 as ________________ & forbade the collection of duties after Feb. 1, 1833. Calhoun felt that states had the power of nullification because states created the __________ government. nullification national unconstitutional slavery

11. Calhoun resigned as ______ to become a SC Senator. Pres. Jackson ____________ Calhoun & called the others “Traitors”. Nullification Crisis Dec. 4, 1832, Jackson stated that he would ___________ the tariff, but Congress lowered the rates, again. Dec. 10, 1832 – Nullification Proclamation – Pres. Jackson stated that nullification is an “impractical absurdity” & that SC has no right to supercede the _____________ of the US. Constitution enforce threatened VP

12. Force Bill – 1833 – Pres. Jackson requests this bill from Congress that would allow the use of the US Army to “____________” compliance of Federal law in SC. Jackson had already sent Gen. Winfield Scott to Charleston with a ____________, 7 revenue cutters & soldiers. (__________ Congress approved the Force Bill) Clay’s Compromise – Feb. 12, 1833 – Henry Clay made the proposal that the Tariff of 1833 would _____________ gradually until 1842. Nullification Crisis warship before reduce Force

13. March 1, 1833 – Congress passed the Compromise & the Force Bill & Pres. Jackson _____________ them both. Nullification Crisis SC rescinded the _________________ of the Tariff Acts & the Force Bill. Both SC & Jackson claimed _____________. SC gets the tariffs reduced & Jackson preserved the _______________. signed Nullification victory Union

14. Who published The Liberator and believed in the immediate and complete abolition of slavery? 1.The Grimke sisters 2.William Lloyd Garrison 3.Nat Turner 4.Frederick Douglass

15. The new Republican Party believed that the people of a territory should decide whether or not to allow slavery. 1.True 2.False

16. This was a former slave who learned how to read and write and founded the abolitionist newspaper called, the North Star. 1.Nat Turner 2.William Lloyd Garrison 3.John Brown 4.Frederick Douglas

17. The Missouri Compromise did all of the following EXCEPT 1.Maine became a free state 2.Missouri became a slave state 3.Opened all the territories to slavery 4.Preserved the balance of free and slave states

18. John C. Calhoun believed that state governments had a right to declare federal laws unconstitutional because 1.They were elected by the people 2.They spoke more directly to the people 3.They had created the national government 4.They existed before the National government

19. Jackson did not accept “nullification” because he believed it 1.threatened the federal government’s power and authority 2.gave Congress too much power over the states 3.took away powers from the state governments 4.made the federal government too powerful

20. Essential Question (Indicator 8D) Describe the War with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.

21. The U.S. Declares War Polk wanted to take military action against Mexico because they refused his ___ million offer to buy the disputed territory. In 1845, Americans sent an exploration party into ____________. As a result, Mexico sent troops across the ____ _______ into Texas. Mexicans killed ____ American soldiers. Polk asked Congress to declare war ending his speech with “American _______ has been shed on American soil!” He used the Mexican attack on Zachary Taylor’s forces as grounds for this. California 15 9 Grande Rio blood

22. Immediate Cause of the War... a dispute about the _______ of Texas. border

23. The War Begins General Stephen Kearny marched his ______ into Santa Fe, New Mexico. U.S. forces took the area without firing a _____. New Mexico asked to _____ the United States. soldiers shot join

24. War with Mexico American troops then moved into ________ and won numerous military victories. Mexican soldiers fought gallantly, but had poor __________. On the other hand, U.S. soldiers served under ________ leaders such as Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Mexico leadership capable

25. War with Mexico

26. War with Mexico Ends In 1848, Mexico and the U.S. signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo __________ the war. Under the treaty, Mexico handed nearly ½ of its land to the U.S. including present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming for $____ million. As a result of its war with Mexico, the U.S. grew by one- _____. ended 15 third

27. The Wilmot Proviso An 1846 amendment to a bill stipulating that ______ of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House twice, but was never approved in the _______. The Proviso created great __________ between North and South and helped crystallize the conflict over the extension of slavery. In the election of 1848 the terms of the Proviso, a definite challenge to proslavery groups, were ignored by the Whig and Democratic parties but were adopted by the ____-_____ party. Later the __________ party also favored excluding slavery from new territories. Republican SoilFree bitterness Senate none

29. Essential Question (Indicator 8E) Explain the Compromise of 1850.

30. Henry Clay proposed the compromise of 1850 to avoid a _______ war over the issue of slavery. Civil

31. Compromise of 1850 Admission of California as a free state New Mexico and Utah would be organized as territories open to slavery (popular sovereignty) The slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished in Washington, D.C. Included a strong fugitive slave law The result was that the ____________ of free and slave states was maintained. balance

32. President Polk wanted Mexico to take military action against the U.S. in the 1840’s because 1.Mexico would have to buy their gunpowder from the U.S. 2.Mexico wouldn’t accept his offer to buy Mexico. 3.Mexico wouldn’t enter the Industrial Revolution. 4.Polk thought the U.S. was better at defense than offense.

33. Polk used this as grounds for declaring war against Mexico 1.Nonpayment of debts 2.Declaration of the border 3.Attack on Zachary Taylor’s forces 4.Annexation of Texas

34. The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned from 1.California only 2.All the territories won from Mexico 3.The entire nation 4.The District of Columbia

35. The Compromise of 1850 did all of the following EXCEPT 1.California became a free state 2.New Mexico became a slave state 3.Introduced the concept of “popular sovereignty” 4.Preserved the balance of free and slave states

36. Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 to 1.Gain popularity in his campaign for the presidency 2.Gain revenge on Daniel Webster 3.Upset the balance of power in the Senate 4.Keep the U.S. out of Civil War

37. According to popular sovereignty, the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in a territory would be decided by 1.Residents of the territory 2.The Senate 3.The House of Representatives 4.The President