1. Residential Construction
Modified by CMagno

2. Residential Construction
Foundation A foundation is a masonry wall built upon the footer. The house sits on the foundation. The foundation helps to displace the weight of the house and carry it to the ground. Footing- the very bottom of the foundation

3. Residential Construction
Slab
A slab serves the same purpose as the foundation. It also acts as the first floor of the house.

4. Residential Construction
Floor System
A floor system consists of several parts, they include common header joists, trimmer joists and others.
Floor Joist- Lightweight horizontal support member

5. Residential Construction
Girders
Girders are framing
members used to
support the floor system/ construction .
Large horizontal member that takes the end load of joists

6. Residential Construction
Sub-floor
Subflooring is the plywood that is nailed down to the floor system. Typically another layer of plywood is laid down on the subfloor prior to placing finished flooring down.
Subflooring is responsible for squeak flooring

7. Residential Construction
Wall Framing
Wall framing consists of several different parts assembled together to create a wall section.

8. Residential Construction
Top Plate
Header
Sill Plate
Sill plate: Bottom plate on concrete
Stud
Sole Plate
Sole plate: Bottom plate is sitting on wood/ concrete

9. Residential Construction
Sill plate- support the outside walls of the house. They are bolted to the FOUNDATION
Sill plate support the outside wall of the house.

11. Residential Construction
Top Plate the uppermost horizontal framing member of a wall assembly.
Sole Plate the lowest horizontal member of a wall assembly.
Sill Plate the horizontal framing member that the bottom of the window rests upon.
Stud the most common wall framing member. Studs are spaced 16 or 24 inches on center and carry the bulk of the weight above them.
Header a horizontal framing member designed to displace the weight of the structure down and around the window or door opening.

12. Residential Construction
Ceiling Joists
Ceiling joists sit on top of the walls on the uppermost floor of the house between the walls and the rafters.
Ceiling Joists -vigas do teto
The ceiling beam, or ceiling joist, has two prime functions. The first is to tie the walls of a structure or a room together, effectively completing a box configuration. The second is, as the name implies, to support the ceiling of the structure, or room. Ceiling joist framing is undertaken after the walls are erected.
JOISTS

13. Residential Construction
Ridge
Rafter
Rafters
Rafters are the framing members that carry the weight of the roof system including decking and shingles.
Ridge
The ridge is the highest point on the home. The upper end of the rafter is nailed to the ridge board.

14. Residential Construction
Roof Truss
Trusses are pre- fabricated, triangulated wooden structures used to support the roof.

15. Residential Construction
Shingles
Shingles are typically made from paper asphalt and stone grit.
They come in many different styles.

16. Residential Construction
Shakes
Shakes are made of
wood and are chemically treated
with a rot, mold and moss preventative.
fire retardant and decay-resistant chemicals
It is the most expensive

17. Slate Roof Tiles Slate is a fine-grained, homogeneous rock.
Slate roof tiles are usually fixed using a nail fixing
It is the heaviest one.

18. Slate Roof Tiles

19. Residential Construction
Insulation
Insulation value is based on R-value. An R-value is the measure of its resistance to heat flow.
The higher the R-value the better the insulating material.
All building material has an R-value associated with it.

20. Residential Construction
GFCI-Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
These pick up changes in electrical flow and automatically trip the integral circuit to prevent electrocution or accidental shock